USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2022 Nov 1;100(11). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac282.
Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to determine the effect of feed additives on performance, intestinal integrity, gastrointestinal volatile fatty acids (VFA), and energy and nutrient digestion in nonchallenged nursery pigs. In EXP 1, 480 pigs (6.36-kg body weight, BW) were placed into 96 pens with 5 pigs/pen, and allotted to 1 of 10 dietary treatments: 1) negative control containing no feed additive (NC), 2) NC + 44 mg chlortetracycline and 38.5 mg tiamulin/kg diet (CTsb), 3) NC + 5% resistant potato starch (RSpo), 4) NC + 5% soluble corn fiber (SCF), 5) NC + 5% sugar beet pulp (SBP), 6) NC + 0.30% fatty acid mix (FAM), 7) NC + 0.10% phytogenic blend of essential oils and flavoring compounds (PHY), 8) NC + 50 mg Cu and 1,600 mg zinc oxide/kg diet (CuZn), 9) NC + 5% resistant corn starch (RScn), and 10) NC + 0.05% β-glucan (BG) for 28 d. There was no impact of dietary treatment on BW gain or feed intake (P ≥ 0.22). Pigs fed diets containing SCF, CTsb, and RSpo resulted in microbial community differences compared to pigs fed the NC (P < 0.05). In EXP 2, 48 barrows (12.8 kg BW) were selected at the end of EXP 1 and fed the same dietary treatments they had previously received: 1) NC, 2) NC + 5% RScn, 3) NC + 5% SCF, and 4) NC + FAM for 8 d. There was no effect of feeding diets containing RScn, SCF, or FAM on in vivo intestinal permeability (P ≤ 0.21). Ileal or colon pH, concentrations of VFA did not differ due to dietary treatment (P ≥ 0.36), but pigs fed diets containing FAM resulted in a greater butyric acid concentration in the cecum compared to pigs fed the NC (P ≤ 0.05). In EXP 3, 156 pigs (6.11 kg BW) were placed into 52 pens with 3 pigs/pen and allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments arranged in a factorial manner: 1) NC, 2) NC + 5% RSpo, 3) NC + 0.30% FAM, and 4) NC + 5% RSpo + 0.30% FAM for 24 d. Feeding pigs diets containing RSpo did not affect BW gain (P = 0.91) while pigs fed diets containing FAM grew improved BW gain (P = 0.09). Colonic butyric acid concentrations were greater in pigs fed diets containing RSpo (P = 0.03), while pigs fed diets containing FAM exhibited reduced total VFA concentrations (P = 0.11). The results indicate that supplementing diets with digestively resistant but fermentable fibers, short- and medium-chain fatty acids, or antibiotics do not have a consistent effect, positive or negative, on markers of intestinal integrity or barrier function, intestinal VFA patterns, ATTD of energy and nutrients, or on pig performance.
进行了三项实验（EXP），以确定饲料添加剂对无应激保育猪的生产性能、肠道完整性、胃肠道挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）以及能量和营养消化的影响。在 EXP1 中，将 480 头猪（体重 6.36 公斤）放入 96 个栏中，每栏 5 头猪，并将其分配到 10 种饮食处理之一：1）阴性对照，不含饲料添加剂（NC），2）NC+44mg金霉素和 38.5mg泰妙菌素/千克日粮（CTsb），3）NC+5%抗性马铃薯淀粉（RSpo），4）NC+5%可溶性玉米纤维（SCF），5）NC+5%甜菜浆（SBP），6）NC+0.30%脂肪酸混合物（FAM），7）NC+0.10%植物源混合物的精油和调味化合物（PHY），8）NC+50mg铜和 1600mg氧化锌/千克日粮（CuZn），9）NC+5%抗性玉米淀粉（RScn），10）NC+0.05%β-葡聚糖（BG），持续 28 天。日粮处理对 BW 增重或采食量没有影响（P≥0.22）。与 NC 相比，饲喂含有 SCF、CTsb 和 RSpo 的日粮会导致微生物群落的差异（P<0.05）。在 EXP2 中，从 EXP1 结束时选择 48 头阉公猪（体重 12.8 公斤），并让它们继续接受之前所接受的相同的饮食处理：1）NC，2）NC+5%RScn，3）NC+5%SCF，和 4）NC+FAM，持续 8 天。饲喂含有 RScn、SCF 或 FAM 的日粮对体内肠道通透性没有影响（P≤0.21）。日粮处理对回肠或结肠 pH 值、VFA 浓度没有影响（P≥0.36），但与 NC 相比，饲喂含有 FAM 的日粮可使盲肠丁酸浓度增加（P≤0.05）。在 EXP3 中，将 156 头猪（体重 6.11 公斤）放入 52 个栏中，每栏 3 头猪，并将其分配到 4 种饮食处理的因子设计中：1）NC，2）NC+5%RSpo，3）NC+0.30%FAM，和 4）NC+5%RSpo+0.30%FAM，持续 24 天。饲喂含有 RSpo 的日粮不会影响 BW 增重（P=0.91），而饲喂含有 FAM 的日粮可提高 BW 增重（P=0.09）。饲喂含有 RSpo 的日粮可增加结肠丁酸浓度（P=0.03），而饲喂含有 FAM 的日粮可降低总 VFA 浓度（P=0.11）。结果表明，日粮中添加可消化抗性但可发酵纤维、短链和中链脂肪酸或抗生素，对肠道完整性或屏障功能、肠道 VFA 模式、能量和营养的 ATTD 或猪生产性能没有一致的积极或消极影响。
