Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA.
J Anim Sci. 2018 Jun 29;96(7):2789-2803. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky091.
Consumption of peroxidized lipids has been shown to reduce pig performance and energy and lipid digestibility. Objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effect of feeding soybean oil (SO) with different levels of peroxidation on growth performance, lipid, N, and GE digestibility, plasma Trp, and gut integrity in finishing pigs. Fifty-six barrows (46.7 ± 5.1 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to one of four diets in each of two dietary phases, containing either 10% fresh SO (22.5 °C) or thermally processed SO (45 °C for 288 h, 90 °C for 72 h, or 180 °C for 6 h), each infused with of 15 L/min of air. Peroxide values were 2.0, 17.4, 123.6, and 19.4 mEq/kg; 2,4-decadienal values were 2.07, 1.90, 912.15, and 915.49 mg/kg; and 4-hydroxynonenal concentrations were 0.66, 1.49, 170.48, and 82.80 mg/kg, for the 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 °C processed SO, respectively. Pigs were individually housed and fed ad libitum for 81 d to measure growth performance, including a metabolism period to collect urine and feces for determination of GE, lipid, N digestibility, and N retention. Following the last day of fecal and urine collection when pigs were in the metabolism crates, lactulose and mannitol were fed and subsequently measured in the urine to evaluate gut permeability, while markers of oxidative stress were evaluated in plasma, urine, and liver. There were no differences observed in ADFI (P = 0.91), but average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed G:F were decreased in pigs fed 90 °C SO diet (P ≤ 0.07) compared to pigs fed the other SO diets. Pigs fed the 90 and 180 °C SO had the lowest (P = 0.05) DE as a % of GE compared to pigs fed the 22.5 °C SO, with pigs fed the 45 °C SO being intermediate. Lipid digestibility was similarly affected (P = 0.01) as energy digestibility, but ME as a % of DE was not affected by dietary treatment (P = 0.16). There were no effects of lipid peroxidation on N digested, N retained, or the urinary lactulose:mannitol ratio (P ≥ 0.25). Pigs fed the SO processed at 90 and 180 °1C had lower concentrations (P < 0.01) of plasma Trp compared to pigs fed the 22.5 and 45 °C SO treatments. Pigs fed 90 °C SO had the greatest (P < 0.01) concentrations of F2-isoprostane in plasma and urine thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared to the other SO treatments. These results indicate that the change in FA composition and/or the presence of lipid peroxidation products in peroxidized SO may reduce ADG, G:F, and digestibility of GE and ether extract, but has little impact on N digestibility and balance or on gut permeability.
脂质过氧化物的消耗已被证明会降低猪的生产性能和能量及脂质消化率。本研究的目的是评估不同过氧化水平的大豆油（SO）对育肥猪生长性能、脂质、N 和 GE 消化率、血浆色氨酸和肠道完整性的影响。56 头阉公猪（初始 BW 为 46.7 ± 5.1 kg）随机分配到两个日粮阶段的四个日粮之一，每个日粮阶段均含有 10%的新鲜 SO（22.5°C）或经过热处理的 SO（45°C 处理 288 h、90°C 处理 72 h、180°C 处理 6 h），每种 SO 均以 15 L/min 的空气输注。过氧化物值分别为 2.0、17.4、123.6 和 19.4 mEq/kg；2,4-癸二烯醛值分别为 2.07、1.90、912.15 和 915.49 mg/kg；4-羟壬烯醛浓度分别为 0.66、1.49、170.48 和 82.80 mg/kg，用于 22.5、45、90 和 180°C 处理的 SO。猪单独饲养并自由采食 81 d，以测量生长性能，包括代谢期以收集尿液和粪便以测定 GE、脂质、N 消化率和 N 保留量。在最后一天收集粪便和尿液后，当猪在代谢箱中时，给予乳果糖和甘露醇，并随后在尿液中测量，以评估肠道通透性，同时评估血浆、尿液和肝脏中的氧化应激标志物。ADFI 没有差异（P = 0.91），但与其他 SO 日粮相比，90°C SO 日粮组的平均日增重（ADG）和增重：饲料 G:F 降低（P ≤ 0.07）。与饲喂 22.5°C SO 的猪相比，饲喂 90 和 180°C SO 的猪的 DE 作为 GE 的百分比最低（P = 0.05），而饲喂 45°C SO 的猪处于中间水平。脂质消化率也受到类似的影响（P = 0.01），但 ME 作为 DE 的百分比不受日粮处理的影响（P = 0.16）。脂质过氧化对消化的 N、保留的 N 或尿液乳果糖：甘露醇比值没有影响（P ≥ 0.25）。与饲喂 22.5 和 45°C SO 处理的猪相比，饲喂 90 和 180°C SO 处理的猪的血浆色氨酸浓度较低（P < 0.01）。与其他 SO 处理相比，饲喂 90°C SO 的猪的血浆和尿液中 F2-异前列腺素和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质的浓度最高（P < 0.01）。这些结果表明，SO 中 FA 组成的变化和/或脂质过氧化产物的存在可能会降低 ADG、G:F 和 GE 和乙醚提取物的消化率，但对 N 消化率和平衡或肠道通透性几乎没有影响。
