Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
J Extracell Vesicles. 2022 Sep;11(9):e12267. doi: 10.1002/jev2.12267.
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) produced by antigen-presenting cells represent a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. The sEVs have been shown to drive Th1-type adaptive immune responses against intracellular infections such as Salmonella. In this study, we have demonstrated that an administration of sEVs produced by Salmonella-infected macrophages to BALB/c mice that were then challenged with Salmonella infection decreased bacterial load in infected animals and led to protection against a lethal dose of Salmonella. Second, the same sEVs induced a robust production of IgA anti-Salmonella antibodies (Abs) in BALB/c mice, including IgA anti-OmpD Abs. These results show that the nanoscale sEVs stimulate adaptive immune responses against intracellular pathogens and that these sEVs can be used to provide animals with complete protection against lethal infection, such as the systemic bacterial infection in immunodeficient BALB/c mice.
小细胞外囊泡（sEVs）由抗原呈递细胞产生，代表了一种新的细胞间通讯机制。已经证明，sEVs 可驱动针对细胞内感染（如沙门氏菌）的 Th1 型适应性免疫反应。在这项研究中，我们已经证明，用沙门氏菌感染的巨噬细胞产生的 sEVs 处理然后用沙门氏菌感染挑战的 BALB/c 小鼠，可降低感染动物中的细菌载量，并防止其受到致死剂量的沙门氏菌感染。其次，相同的 sEVs 可诱导 BALB/c 小鼠中产生大量的抗沙门氏菌 IgA 抗体（Abs），包括 IgA 抗-OmpD Abs。这些结果表明，纳米级 sEVs 可刺激针对细胞内病原体的适应性免疫反应，并且可以使用这些 sEVs 为动物提供针对致死性感染的完全保护，例如免疫缺陷的 BALB/c 小鼠中的全身性细菌感染。
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