Department of Environment Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(50):75203-75222. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23051-3. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
The iron and steel industries are a vital driving force for propelling the nation's economic growth. In 2019, to boost the economy and to achieve the target of five trillion economies by 2024, government of India entails investments in several steel-related sectors. However, since their inception, steel and iron industries have been coupled with extensive environmental pollution and vast water utilization. Discharged effluent from the different units of plant loaded with toxic, hazardous, and unused components which have various harmful environmental and health impacts and need treatment. In the present review, the pollutants treatment efficiency of various treatment techniques, effluent volume product quality, and various measures for sound management of wastewater are reviewed. As most conventional wastewater treatment methods are not sufficient for complete reclamation and remediation of effluent, the potential of more advanced treatment such as membrane separation and membrane bioreactors is relatively untouched. In the end, this paper concluded that the integrated system combining chemical treatment with membrane separation can ensure a worthy rate of pollutant removal. Reuse and effective management of wastewater with process intensification guarantee commercial viability and eco-friendliness.
钢铁工业是推动国家经济增长的重要动力。为了促进经济增长，实现到 2024 年达到 5 万亿美元经济目标，印度政府需要对多个与钢铁相关的部门进行投资。然而，自成立以来，钢铁工业一直伴随着广泛的环境污染和大量的水资源利用。工厂不同单元排放的废水含有有毒、有害和未使用的成分，对环境和健康有各种有害影响，需要进行处理。在本综述中，综述了各种处理技术的污染物处理效率、废水排放量和产品质量，以及废水的合理管理的各种措施。由于大多数传统的废水处理方法不能完全回收和修复废水，因此膜分离和膜生物反应器等更先进的处理方法的潜力尚未得到充分利用。最后，本文得出结论，将化学处理与膜分离相结合的综合系统可以确保污染物去除率达到一定水平。通过工艺强化实现废水的再利用和有效管理，保证了商业可行性和生态友好性。
