Water Research Alliance, Level 2, Block C07, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Water Research Alliance, Level 2, Block C07, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Feb 1;149:222-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.016. Epub 2014 Nov 9.
The Malaysian palm oil industry is a major revenue earner and the country is ranked as one of the largest producers in the world. However, growth of the industry is synonymous with a massive production of agro-industrial wastewater. As an environmental protection and public health concern, the highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME) has become a major attention-grabber. Hence, the industry is targeting for POME pollution abatement in order to promote a greener image of palm oil and to achieve sustainability. At present, most palm oil mills have adopted the ponding system for treatment. Due to the successful POME pollution abatement experiences, Malaysia is currently planning to revise the effluent quality standards towards a more stringent discharge limits. Hence, the current trend of POME research focuses on developing tertiary treatment or polishing systems for better effluent management. Biotechnologically-advanced POME tertiary (polishing) technologies as well as other physicochemical methods are gaining much attention as these processes are the key players to push the industry towards the goal of environmental sustainability. There are still ongoing treatment technologies being researched and the outcomes maybe available in a while. However, the research completed so far are compiled herein and reported for the first time to acquire a better perspective and insight on the subject with a view of meeting the new standards. To this end, the most feasible technology could be the combination of advanced biological processes (bioreactor systems) with extended aeration, followed by solids separation prior to discharge. Chemical dosing is favoured only if effluent of higher quality is anticipated.
马来西亚的棕榈油产业是主要的收入来源，该国是世界上最大的棕榈油生产国之一。然而，该产业的增长与大量农业工业废水的产生是同义词。作为环境保护和公共卫生的关注点，高度污染的棕榈油厂废水（POME）已成为主要关注点。因此，该行业正在努力减少 POME 污染，以推广棕榈油的绿色形象并实现可持续性。目前，大多数棕榈油厂都采用池塘系统进行处理。由于成功减少了 POME 污染，马来西亚目前正计划修订废水质量标准，以实施更严格的排放限制。因此，目前 POME 研究的趋势集中在开发三级处理或抛光系统，以更好地管理废水。生物技术先进的 POME 三级（抛光）技术以及其他物理化学方法受到了广泛关注，因为这些工艺是推动该行业实现环境可持续性目标的关键因素。仍有正在研究的处理技术，其结果可能很快就会出现。然而，本文首次编译了迄今为止完成的研究工作，以便从更好的角度和见解来了解该主题，以满足新标准。为此，最可行的技术可能是将先进的生物工艺（生物反应器系统）与延长曝气相结合，然后在排放前进行固液分离。只有在预期废水质量更高的情况下，才会采用化学投加。
