Arigliani Elena, Aricò Miriam, Cavalli Gioia, Aceti Franca, Sogos Carla, Romani Maria, Ferrara Mauro
Section of Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2022 Sep 13;12(9):1235. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12091235.
Each year, 275 million children worldwide are exposed to domestic violence (DV) and suffer negative mental and physical health consequences; however, only a small proportion receive assistance. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists can play a central role in identifying threatened children. We reviewed experiences of DV screening in pediatric and child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to understand its feasibility and provide clues for its implementation. We performed bibliographic research using the Sapienza Library System, PubMed, and the following databases: MEDLINE, American Psychological Association PsycArticles, American Psychological Association PsycInfo, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. We considered a 20-year interval when selecting the articles and we included studies published in English between January 2000 and March 2021. A total of 23 out of 2335 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. We found that the prevalence of disclosed DV ranged from 4.2% to 48%, with most prevalence estimates between 10% and 20%. Disclosure increases with a detection plan, which is mostly welcomed by mothers (70-80% acceptance rates). Written tools were used in 55% of studies, oral interviews in 40%, and computer instruments in 20%. Mixed forms were used in three studies (15%). The most used and effective tool appeared to be the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) (30% of studies). For young children, parental reports are advisable and written instruments are the first preference; interviews can be conducted with older children. Our research pointed out that the current literature does not provide practical clinical clues on facilitating the disclosure in pediatric clinics and CAMHS. Further studies are needed on the inpatient population and in the field of children psychiatry.
全球每年有2.75亿儿童遭受家庭暴力（DV），并受到负面的身心健康影响；然而，只有一小部分儿童得到了援助。儿科医生和儿童精神科医生在识别受威胁儿童方面可发挥核心作用。我们回顾了儿科以及儿童和青少年心理健康服务（CAMHS）中家庭暴力筛查的经验，以了解其可行性，并为其实施提供线索。我们使用萨皮恩扎图书馆系统、PubMed以及以下数据库进行了文献研究：MEDLINE、美国心理学会PsycArticles、美国心理学会PsycInfo、ScienceDirect和Scopus。在选择文章时，我们考虑了20年的时间跨度，并纳入了2000年1月至2021年3月期间以英文发表的研究。在2335项研究中，共有23项符合纳入标准。我们发现，披露的家庭暴力患病率在4.2%至48%之间，大多数患病率估计在10%至20%之间。有检测计划时披露率会增加，这大多受到母亲们的欢迎（接受率为70 - 80%）。55%的研究使用了书面工具，40%使用了口头访谈，20%使用了计算机工具。三项研究（15%）使用了混合形式。最常用且有效的工具似乎是冲突策略量表（CTS）（占研究的30%）。对于幼儿，建议采用家长报告，书面工具是首选；对于年龄较大的儿童可以进行访谈。我们的研究指出，当前的文献并未提供关于在儿科诊所和CAMHS中促进披露的实用临床线索。在住院患者群体以及儿童精神病学领域还需要进一步研究。
