Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 7;19(18):11249. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811249.
(1) Background: Various investigations have confirmed that burnout prevails in intensive and demanding contemporary working environments. Most of these studies have analyzed the associations between emotional exhaustion and various work factors. We studied the gap in the literature by simultaneously considering the three commonly recognized dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) using a representative sample of telecommunication sales managers. (2) Methods: 849 survey respondents completed an anonymous questionnaire that included items representing psychosocial factors at work, lifestyle characteristics, and the Maslach Burnout inventory. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed the predictors of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. (3) Results: job demands and witnessing bullying at the workplace were the most powerful predictors of emotional exhaustion, followed by self-rated health, night work, education, and physical inactivity. Witnessing bullying at the workplace, job control, self-rated health, and physical inactivity were the strongest predictors of depersonalization. Finally, direct experiences of negative acts at the workplace, job control, social support at work, bullying exposure duration, family crises, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol, and body mass index were the most important predictors of reduced personal accomplishments. (4) Conclusions: the present study fills a gap in the research surrounding the three dimensions of burnout. The findings not only confirm that high job demands, low job control, and low social support at work contribute to burnout but also contribute to the novel understanding that workplace bullying plays an integral role.
(1) 背景:多项调查证实,倦怠普遍存在于紧张且要求苛刻的现代工作环境中。这些研究大多分析了情绪衰竭与各种工作因素之间的关联。我们通过同时考虑倦怠的三个公认维度(情绪衰竭、去人性化和个人成就感降低),使用电信销售经理的代表性样本,研究了文献中的差距。
(2) 方法:849 名调查对象完成了一份匿名问卷,其中包括工作中的社会心理因素、生活方式特征和 Maslach 倦怠量表的项目。分层回归分析揭示了情绪衰竭、去人性化和个人成就感降低的预测因素。
(3) 结果:工作要求和目睹工作场所的欺凌行为是情绪衰竭的最强预测因素,其次是自我评估的健康状况、夜班、教育和身体活动不足。目睹工作场所的欺凌行为、工作控制、自我评估的健康状况和身体活动不足是去人性化的最强预测因素。最后,工作场所的负面行为、工作控制、工作中的社会支持、欺凌暴露持续时间、家庭危机、身体活动不足、吸烟和饮酒以及身体质量指数等直接体验是个人成就感降低的最重要预测因素。
(4) 结论:本研究填补了倦怠三个维度研究的空白。研究结果不仅证实了高工作要求、低工作控制和低工作中的社会支持会导致倦怠,还提出了一个新的观点,即工作场所欺凌行为起着至关重要的作用。