Min Hongzhi, Huang Xingchen, Xu Daoqing, Shao Qingqin, Li Qing, Wang Hong, Ren Lantian
Engineering Research Center for Smart Crop Planting and Processing Technology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China.
Cotton Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230036, China.
Life (Basel). 2022 Sep 5;12(9):1382. doi: 10.3390/life12091382.
Compost produced by straw and livestock and poultry manure under the action of micro-organisms is one of the main forms of organic alternative fertilizers at present. The present study explored the effects of compost substitution on soil greenhouse gas emissions, soil microbial community changes, and wheat yield to determine the best substitution ratio for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and soil microbial community changes and increasing wheat yield. Using the single-factor randomized block trial design, four treatments were employed, the characteristics of greenhouse gas emission, yield and yield components, and the changes of soil microbial community under different compost substitution ratio in the whole wheat growing season were determined by static box-gas chromatography. During the wheat season, both CO and NO emissions were reduced, whereas CH emission was increased. That all treatments reduced the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) in wheat season compared with T0. Compost substitution can alleviate the global warming potential to some extent. Under the condition of compost substitution, the wheat yield under T2 and T3 increased significantly compared with that under the control; however, the spike number and 1000-grain weight did not differ significantly among the treatments. When compost replacement was 30%, the yield was the highest. Under different ratios of compost substitution, the microbial communities mainly comprised Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia. The soil microbial community structure differed mainly due to the difference in the compost substitution ratio and was clustered into different groups. In conclusion, to achieve high wheat yield and low greenhouse gas emissions, compost replacement of 30% is the most reasonable means for soil improvement and fertilization.
秸秆与畜禽粪便在微生物作用下产生的堆肥是目前有机替代肥料的主要形式之一。本研究探讨了堆肥替代对土壤温室气体排放、土壤微生物群落变化及小麦产量的影响，以确定减少温室气体排放和土壤微生物群落变化并提高小麦产量的最佳替代比例。采用单因素随机区组试验设计，设置4个处理，通过静态箱-气相色谱法测定整个小麦生长季不同堆肥替代比例下的温室气体排放特征、产量及产量构成因素以及土壤微生物群落变化。在小麦季，CO和NO排放均减少，而CH排放增加。与T0相比，所有处理均降低了小麦季的全球变暖潜势（GWP）和温室气体排放强度（GHGI）。堆肥替代在一定程度上可缓解全球变暖潜势。在堆肥替代条件下，T2和T3处理的小麦产量显著高于对照；然而，各处理间穗数和千粒重差异不显著。当堆肥替代量为30%时，产量最高。在不同堆肥替代比例下，微生物群落主要由变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、Patescibacteria、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、芽单胞菌门和疣微菌门组成。土壤微生物群落结构主要因堆肥替代比例的差异而不同，并聚类为不同的组。综上所述，为实现小麦高产和低温室气体排放，30%的堆肥替代是土壤改良和施肥的最合理方式。
