Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2010 May;45(4):285-92. doi: 10.1080/03601231003704580.
Applying manure compost not only results in zinc accumulation in the soil but also causes an increase in zinc mobility and enhances zinc leaching. In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of zinc, zinc profiles, and zinc balance were investigated to characterise the fate of zinc in fields where the quality and amount of pig manure compost applied have been known for 13 years. Moreover, we determined zinc fractionation in both 0.1 mol L(-1)HCl-soluble (mobile) and -insoluble (immobile) fractions. Adsorption of zinc in the soil was enhanced with increasing total carbon content following the application of pig manure compost. The 159.6 mg ha(-1) year(-1)manure applied plot (triplicate) exceeded the Japanese regulatory level after only 6 years of applying pig manure compost, whereas the 53.2 mg ha(-1) year(-1) manure applied plot (standard) reached the regulatory level after 13 years. The zinc loads in the plots were 17.0 and 5.6 kg ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. However, 5.9 % and 17.2 % of the zinc loaded in the standard and the triplicate pig manure compost applied plots, respectively, were estimated to be lost from the plough layer. Based on the vertical distribution of mobile and immobile zinc content, a higher rate of applied manure compost caused an increase in the mobile zinc fraction to a depth of 40 cm. Although the adsorption capacity of zinc was enhanced following the application of pig manure compost, a greater amount of mobile zinc could move downward through the manure amended soil than through non manure-amended soil.
施用有机肥不仅导致土壤中锌的积累，还会增加锌的迁移性并促进锌的淋失。本研究通过调查施用猪粪堆肥 13 年来土壤中锌的物理化学特性、锌形态和锌平衡，以了解施用量和质量已知的农田中锌的归宿。此外，我们还测定了 0.1 mol L(-1)HCl 可溶（移动）和 -不可溶（固定）部分中锌的分馏。施用猪粪堆肥后，随着总碳含量的增加，土壤对锌的吸附增强。在仅施用猪粪堆肥 6 年后，159.6 mg ha(-1)年(-1)（重复三次）的施用量就超过了日本的监管水平，而 53.2 mg ha(-1)年(-1)（标准）的施用量则在 13 年后才达到监管水平。两个试验小区的锌负荷分别为 17.0 和 5.6 kg ha(-1)年(-1)。然而，标准和三倍猪粪堆肥施用量试验小区中锌的负荷分别有 5.9%和 17.2%估计会从犁底层流失。根据可移动和不可移动锌含量的垂直分布，施用更多的有机肥会导致可移动锌的含量在 40 厘米的深度增加。尽管施用猪粪堆肥后锌的吸附能力增强，但与未施有机肥的土壤相比，更多的可移动锌可以通过施肥土壤向下迁移。
