Hodges Francesca E, Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas, Clokie Martha R J
Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Phage (New Rochelle). 2021 Mar 1;2(1):16-25. doi: 10.1089/phage.2020.0041. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Bacteriophages offer a viable solution to addressing the global issue of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Although knowledge of bacteriophages has increased greatly since their discovery in 1915, a significant amount of what is currently known is based on studies conducted in model conditions and aerobic environments. There are a variety of environments in which bacteriophages could be applied to successfully replace or supplement antimicrobials in agriculture, food production, and human medicine where the amount of oxygen is limited. There is a need to use phages in oxygen-limited environments, but few studies have examined the impact oxygen-limited environments have on the ability of phages to kill their hosts. The work that has been done is, however, insightful and will likely stimulate this area that is growing in importance as our need to use phages grows. This review summarizes the studies to date that have reported the characteristics of phages in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-limited environments. We also discuss the importance of considering the ultimate environment a phage will be applied to when designing experiments to isolate and characterize phages for use in phage-based antimicrobial products.
噬菌体为解决全球细菌对抗菌药物耐药性这一问题提供了可行的解决方案。自1915年噬菌体被发现以来，尽管我们对它们的了解已大幅增加，但目前所知的大量信息是基于在模型条件和有氧环境中进行的研究。在农业、食品生产和人类医学中，存在各种氧气含量有限的环境，在这些环境中，噬菌体可成功应用以替代或补充抗菌药物。在氧气含量有限的环境中使用噬菌体很有必要，但很少有研究考察过此类环境对噬菌体杀死宿主能力的影响。然而，已开展的相关工作颇具启发性，随着我们对噬菌体使用需求的增加，这一重要领域可能会受到推动。本综述总结了迄今为止报道富氧和缺氧环境中噬菌体特征的研究。我们还讨论了在设计用于分离和鉴定用于基于噬菌体的抗菌产品的噬菌体的实验时，考虑噬菌体最终应用环境的重要性。
