加纳、巴基斯坦和南苏丹的社区凝聚力与针对妇女的暴力行为：二次数据分析。
Community cohesion and violence against women in Ghana, Pakistan, and South Sudan: A secondary data analysis.
机构信息
School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Centre for Global Women's Studies, School of Political Science and Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
出版信息
Womens Health (Lond). 2022 Jan-Dec;18:17455057221123998. doi: 10.1177/17455057221123998.
BACKGROUND
Much knowledge has been accumulated on individual-level risks and protective factors of violence against women. However, the influence of factors operating at the community level, such as community cohesion, remains unclear, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined whether community cohesion, a combined measure of mutual trust and tolerance, affects women's likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence, violence perpetrated by a family member, and violence occurring in public spaces.
METHODS
Data on 4785 women aged between 18 and 60 years in Ghana, Pakistan, and South Sudan, initially collected by the 'What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls' Research and Innovation Programme, were used for this study. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between a composite measure of community cohesion and recent experience of physical, sexual, and psychological violence while controlling for different individual-, community-, and state-level variables.
RESULTS
Multivariate analyses revealed that community cohesion was associated with lower risks of public spaces violence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.396, 95% confidence interval = 0.312-0.503, P < 0.001) and family member violence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.839, 95% confidence interval = 0.754-0.934, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between intimate partner violence and community cohesion, but adjusted models showed that women with more developed social networks were at higher risks of experiencing intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.104, 95% confidence interval = 1.062-1.148, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that community cohesion may have a protective effect against the most visible forms of violence against women. However, this effect may be attenuated or even eliminated by other individual- or household-level mechanisms in the case of violence between intimates or family members.
背景
关于针对妇女暴力的个体层面风险和保护因素，已经积累了大量知识。然而，社区层面因素的影响，如社区凝聚力，仍不清楚，尤其是在中低收入国家。本研究考察了社区凝聚力（互相信任和容忍的综合衡量指标）是否会影响妇女遭受亲密伴侣暴力、家庭成员暴力和公共空间暴力的可能性。
方法
本研究使用了加纳、巴基斯坦和南苏丹最初由“预防暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为的研究和创新方案”收集的 4785 名 18 至 60 岁妇女的数据。采用二元逻辑回归分析评估了社区凝聚力综合衡量指标与近期身体、性和心理暴力之间的关联，同时控制了不同的个体、社区和州级变量。
结果
多变量分析显示，社区凝聚力与公共空间暴力（调整后的优势比=0.396，95%置信区间=0.312-0.503，P<0.001）和家庭成员暴力（调整后的优势比=0.839，95%置信区间=0.754-0.934，P<0.001）的风险降低有关。亲密伴侣暴力与社区凝聚力之间没有统计学上的显著关联，但调整后的模型表明，社交网络更发达的妇女遭受亲密伴侣暴力的风险更高（调整后的优势比=1.104，95%置信区间=1.062-1.148，P<0.001）。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，社区凝聚力可能对妇女遭受暴力的最明显形式具有保护作用。然而，在亲密关系或家庭成员之间发生暴力的情况下，这种影响可能会减弱甚至消除其他个体或家庭层面的机制。
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