无处可逃：南苏丹受冲突影响妇女和女童所遭受暴力行为的普遍性及其关联因素。
No safe place: Prevalence and correlates of violence against conflict-affected women and girls in South Sudan.
机构信息
Global Women's Institute, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 12;15(10):e0237965. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237965. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
Conflict and humanitarian crises increase the risk of both intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence against women and girls. We measured the prevalence and risk factors of different forms of violence against women and girls in South Sudan, which has suffered decades of conflict, most recently in 2013.
METHODS
A population-based survey was conducted among women aged 15-64 in three conflict-affected sites in South Sudan: Juba, Rumbek, and the Protection of Civilian Sites (PoCs) in Juba between 2015 and 2016.
FINDINGS
A total of 2,244 women between the ages of 15-64 were interviewed. Fifty percent (in the Juba PoCs) to 65% (in Juba and Rumbek) of all female respondents experienced either physical or sexual violence from a partner or non-partner in the course of their lifetimes. Approximately 35% of respondents have experienced rape, attempted rape or other forms of sexual violence by a non-partner during their lifetime. For ever-partnered women, lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual partner violence ranged between 54% in the Juba PoCs and 73% in Rumbek. Restrictive marital practices and gender norms, and experiences of conflict were major drivers of both partner and non-partner violence.
CONCLUSION
Women and girls in South Sudan suffer among the highest levels of physical and sexual violence in the world. Although the prevalence of sexual assault by non-partners is four times the global average, women are still at greatest risk of physical and sexual assault from intimate partners. Conflict-related and intimate partner violence reinforce each other and are upheld by restrictive gender norms and marital practices. Expansion of comprehensive services, including health and psycho-social support for survivors is urgently needed. Moreover, policies and laws to prevent violence against women and provide survivors with access to justice should be given high priority within the ongoing peacebuilding process in South Sudan.
背景
冲突和人道主义危机增加了妇女和女童遭受亲密伴侣暴力和非伴侣性暴力的风险。我们衡量了在南苏丹遭受数十年冲突（最近一次是在 2013 年）的妇女和女童遭受不同形式暴力的流行率和风险因素。
方法
2015 年至 2016 年期间，在南苏丹三个受冲突影响的地点（朱巴、伦拜克和朱巴的平民保护点）对 15-64 岁的妇女进行了一项基于人群的调查。
结果
共访谈了 2244 名 15-64 岁的妇女。在所有女性受访者中，有 50%（在朱巴平民保护点）至 65%（在朱巴和伦拜克）经历过伴侣或非伴侣在其一生中对其实施的身体或性暴力。大约 35%的受访者在其一生中曾遭受过非伴侣的强奸、强奸未遂或其他形式的性暴力。对于所有已婚妇女，在其一生中遭受身体和/或性伴侣暴力的终生流行率在朱巴平民保护点为 54%，在伦拜克为 73%。限制婚姻习俗和性别规范以及冲突经历是伴侣和非伴侣暴力的主要驱动因素。
结论
南苏丹的妇女和女童遭受的身体和性暴力是世界上最高的。尽管非伴侣性侵犯的流行率是全球平均水平的四倍，但妇女仍然面临来自亲密伴侣的身体和性侵犯的最大风险。与冲突有关的暴力和亲密伴侣暴力相互加强，并受到限制性别规范和婚姻习俗的支持。迫切需要扩大全面服务，包括为幸存者提供健康和心理社会支持。此外，在南苏丹正在进行的和平建设进程中，应高度优先考虑制定预防暴力侵害妇女行为和为幸存者提供诉诸司法机会的政策和法律。
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