Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
Environ Int. 2022 Nov;169:107533. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107533. Epub 2022 Sep 17.
It is always difficult to compare, let alone estimate, the difference of air pollutant concentrations before and after closure of a major source because the pollutants cannot be traced or predicted after entering the ambient. Indeed, we are not aware of any studies specifically related to the air pollutants impacted by a winding-down source. In this work, we applied nine years (2010-2018) online measurement of air pollutants (including PM, PM, NO, SO, O and VOCs) to investigate (i) the temporal behavior of air pollutants before and after closure of an oil refinery park by using pair-wise statistics and correlations between wind speed and direction, and (ii) the source impacts on O concentrations using PMF coupled with multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis (PMF-MLR). Example applications are presented at two monitoring sites (A and B) close to the Kaohsiung Oil Refinery (KOR), located in the southern industrial city of Taiwan. The results show that the KOR shutdown changed air pollutant concentrations to a certain extent in these study areas. We also conclude that, instead of using propylene-equivalent and ozone formation potential (OFP) concentrations, it is better to estimate the formation of O based on PMF-MLR analysis as developed in this study. The PMF analysis has identified various VOCs sources at both sites including solvent usage, petrochemical industrial sources, industrial emissions, vehicle-related sources, vegetation emissions and aged air-masses. Also, the MLR model shows that both the background sources and petrochemical industrial sources may significantly change O concentrations.
比较和估算主要污染源关闭前后的空气污染物浓度差异总是很困难，因为污染物进入环境后就无法追踪或预测。实际上，我们不知道有任何专门针对逐渐减少的污染源所影响的空气污染物的研究。在这项工作中，我们应用了九年（2010-2018 年）的在线空气污染物（包括 PM、PM、NO、SO、O 和 VOCs）测量数据，通过风速和风向的成对统计和相关性，调查了（i）炼油厂园区关闭前后空气污染物的时间变化行为，以及（ii）使用 PMF 结合多元线性回归（MLR）分析（PMF-MLR）对 O 浓度的源影响。在靠近台湾南部工业城市高雄炼油厂（KOR）的两个监测站点（A 和 B）展示了实例应用。结果表明，KOR 的关闭在这些研究区域内对空气污染物浓度产生了一定程度的影响。我们还得出结论，与其使用丙烯当量和臭氧形成潜力（OFP）浓度，不如根据本研究中开发的 PMF-MLR 分析来估算 O 的形成。PMF 分析在两个站点都识别出了各种 VOC 源，包括溶剂使用、石化工业源、工业排放、车辆相关源、植被排放和陈旧气团。此外，MLR 模型表明，背景源和石化工业源都可能显著改变 O 浓度。
