Griffiths D J, Constantinou C E, Mortensen J, Djurhuus J C
Phys Med Biol. 1987 Jul;32(7):823-33. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/32/7/003.
The dynamics of pyeloureteral flow is described when there is no peristalsis and for peristalsis of high and intermediate frequencies, on the assumption that the ureter is uniform except in the mid-ureter and at the outlet. The possibility of upstream transmission of bladder pressure variations to the renal pelvis is considered. The overall behaviour depends on three principal variables, the maximum tube pressure in the contraction waves, the intrinsic peristaltic carrying capacity and the peristaltic frequency f, expressed in the form fT where T is the time for a peristaltic contraction wave to sweep through the ureter. At intermediate peristaltic frequencies (fT less than but comparable with one) oscillatory flow patterns can occur, in which periods of peristaltically driven flow alternate with extraperistaltic periods of flow through the open ureter. The kidney is better isolated from bladder pressure variations when the peristaltic frequency is high, but high peristaltic frequency can by itself lead to elevated renal pelvic pressure if the flow rate is high. Experimental observations in pigs are presented to support these conclusions.
在假设输尿管除了在输尿管中部和出口处外均为均匀的情况下，描述了无蠕动时以及高频和中频蠕动时肾盂输尿管的流动动力学。考虑了膀胱压力变化向上游传递至肾盂的可能性。整体行为取决于三个主要变量，即收缩波中的最大管腔压力、内在蠕动输送能力以及蠕动频率f，其表示形式为fT，其中T是蠕动收缩波扫过输尿管的时间。在中等蠕动频率下（fT小于但与1相当），可能会出现振荡流模式，其中蠕动驱动流的时间段与通过开放输尿管的非蠕动流时间段交替出现。当蠕动频率较高时，肾脏与膀胱压力变化的隔离效果更好，但如果流速较高，高蠕动频率本身会导致肾盂压力升高。文中给出了在猪身上进行的实验观察结果以支持这些结论。
