German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
Food Chem. 2023 Mar 1;403:134332. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134332. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and its fatty acid esters (FE) are present as contaminants in different processed foods. Based on the available toxicological data the potential risk of 3-MCPD and its FE to human health was assessed by risk assessment authorities, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Considering the available data, EFSA concluded that 3-MCPD is a non-genotoxic compound exhibiting secondary carcinogenic effects in rodents. A tolerable daily intake of 2 μg/kg body weight and day was derived by EFSA for free and ester-bound 3-MCPD in 2018. However, there are still different pending issues that have remained unclear until now. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding 3-MCPD and its FE with a focus on pending issues regarding exposure assessment via biomarkers as well as the identification of (toxic) metabolites formed after exposure to FE of 3-MCPD and their modes of action.
3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）及其脂肪酸酯（FE）是不同加工食品中的污染物。基于现有的毒理学数据，风险评估机构（包括欧洲食品安全局（EFSA））对 3-MCPD 及其 FE 对人类健康的潜在风险进行了评估。考虑到现有数据，EFSA 得出结论，3-MCPD 是一种非遗传毒性化合物，在啮齿动物中具有次要致癌作用。EFSA 在 2018 年为自由和酯化 3-MCPD 分别确定了 2μg/kg 体重/天的可耐受每日摄入量。然而，目前仍有一些悬而未决的问题尚未得到澄清。在这里，我们总结了关于 3-MCPD 及其 FE 的现有知识，重点介绍了通过生物标志物进行暴露评估以及鉴定暴露于 3-MCPD FE 后形成的（毒性）代谢物及其作用方式方面的待解决问题。
