Lim H T, Kok B H, Lim C P, Abdul Majeed A B, Leow C Y, Leow C H
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
Biomed Eng Adv. 2022 Dec;4:100054. doi: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100054. Epub 2022 Sep 18.
With severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as an emergent human virus since December 2019, the world population is susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has higher transmissibility than the previous coronaviruses, associated by the ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus nature with high mutation rate, caused SARS-CoV-2 variants to arise while circulating worldwide. Neutralizing antibodies are identified as immediate and direct-acting therapeutic against COVID-19. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), as small biomolecules with non-complex structure and intrinsic stability, can acquire antigen-binding capabilities comparable to conventional antibodies, which serve as an attractive neutralizing solution. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein attaches to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on lung epithelial cells to initiate viral infection, serves as potential therapeutic target. sdAbs have shown broad neutralization towards SARS-CoV-2 with various mutations, effectively stop and prevent infection while efficiently block mutational escape. In addition, sdAbs can be developed into multivalent antibodies or inhaled biotherapeutics against COVID-19.
自2019年12月以来，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）作为一种新出现的人类病毒，世界人口对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）普遍易感。SARS-CoV-2比先前的冠状病毒具有更高的传播性，由于核糖核酸（RNA）病毒的性质和高突变率，导致SARS-CoV-2变体在全球传播过程中出现。中和抗体被确定为针对COVID-19的直接有效治疗方法。单域抗体（sdAbs）作为结构不复杂且具有内在稳定性的小生物分子，能够获得与传统抗体相当的抗原结合能力，是一种有吸引力的中和解决方案。SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白与肺上皮细胞上的人类血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）受体结合以引发病毒感染，是潜在的治疗靶点。sdAbs已显示出对具有各种突变的SARS-CoV-2具有广泛的中和作用，能有效阻止和预防感染，同时有效阻断突变逃逸。此外，sdAbs可开发成针对COVID-19的多价抗体或吸入式生物疗法。
