Khadeja Bi Altaff, Santhosh Viswan, Sigamani Karthik
Clinical Biochemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Chengalpattu, IND.
Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Chengalpattu, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Aug 23;14(8):e28310. doi: 10.7759/cureus.28310. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome resulting from various cardiac disorders. Galectin-3 promotes adverse cardiac remodeling leading to chronic heart failure (CHF). Aim To estimate the levels of galectin-3 in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and controls and to determine the association between galectin-3 levels with age, gender, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Materials and methods The levels of plasma galectin-3 were estimated in CHF patients from January 2013 to October 2013 at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was a case-control study. A total of 55 CHF patients were recruited as cases, and 55 controls were enrolled for the study. Participants' profiles were documented, and 5 mL of blood sample was collected. Galectin-3 levels in plasma were estimated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 version. Mean, SD, and percentages were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups. The student's t-test was used to compare galectin-3 levels between CHF patients and the controls. ANOVA was employed to compare galectin-3 levels in the different age groups, gender, and LVEF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for plasma galectin-3 in CHF. Results In the present study, the mean age of CHF patients was 55.9±8.1 years and 54.1±9.4 years for controls. Males constituted 63.6% (n=35) and females were 36.4% (n=20) in the CHF group while 67.3% (n=37) were males and 32.7% (n=18) were females in the control group. The mean and SD for plasma galectin-3 was 9.95±2.8 ng/mL among CHF patients, while it was 4.08±1.3 ng/mL among controls (p<0.0001). As the age increased, levels of plasma galectin-3 increased in CHF patients and controls (p<0.00001). However, there was no statistical significance (p >0.05) for levels of galectin-3 among males and females in both groups. There was a highly significant difference in galectin-3 levels among cases and controls when classified into sub-groups based on their LVEF (p<0.0001). At the cut-off level of 8 ng/mL, plasma galectin-3 had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 71% in predicting CHF. Conclusion Galectin-3 helps in identifying CHF due to maladaptive remodeling of the heart. The present study concludes that estimating the plasma levels of galectin-3 is useful in diagnosing CHF.
引言
心力衰竭（HF）是一种由各种心脏疾病引起的进行性临床综合征。半乳糖凝集素-3会促进不良心脏重塑，进而导致慢性心力衰竭（CHF）。
目的
评估慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者和对照组中半乳糖凝集素-3的水平，并确定半乳糖凝集素-3水平与年龄、性别及左心室射血分数（LVEF）之间的关联。
材料与方法
2013年1月至2013年10月期间，在泰米尔纳德邦金奈的拉吉夫·甘地政府综合医院对CHF患者的血浆半乳糖凝集素-3水平进行了评估。该研究为病例对照研究。共招募了55例CHF患者作为病例组，55名对照者纳入研究。记录参与者的资料，并采集5毫升血样。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法评估血浆中的半乳糖凝集素-3水平。使用SPSS 25.0版本进行数据分析。采用均值、标准差和百分比来比较两组的特征。使用学生t检验比较CHF患者和对照组之间的半乳糖凝集素-3水平。采用方差分析比较不同年龄组、性别和LVEF中的半乳糖凝集素-3水平。绘制CHF患者血浆半乳糖凝集素-3的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线。
结果
在本研究中，CHF患者的平均年龄为55.9±8.1岁，对照组为54.1±9.4岁。CHF组中男性占63.6%（n = 35），女性占36.4%（n = 20），而对照组中男性占67.3%（n = 37），女性占32.7%（n = 18）。CHF患者血浆半乳糖凝集素-3的均值和标准差为9.95±2.8 ng/mL，而对照组为4.08±1.3 ng/mL（p<0.0001）。随着年龄的增加，CHF患者和对照组的血浆半乳糖凝集素-3水平均升高（p<0.00001）。然而，两组中男性和女性的半乳糖凝集素-3水平均无统计学意义（p>0.05）。根据LVEF将病例和对照分为亚组时，半乳糖凝集素-3水平存在高度显著差异（p<0.0001）。在截断水平为8 ng/mL时，血浆半乳糖凝集素-3预测CHF的敏感性为92%，特异性为71%。
结论
半乳糖凝集素-3有助于因心脏适应性重塑不良而识别CHF。本研究得出结论，评估血浆半乳糖凝集素-3水平有助于诊断CHF。
