School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq.
Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 8;10:947782. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.947782. eCollection 2022.
Dialysis water is vital because of various harmful contaminants for patients. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of hemodialysis instruments in the removal of microbial and chemical pollutant in educational hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences, Iran during 2018-2019. This cross-sectional descriptive research studied the microbial and chemical water quality of hemodialysis instruments in Razi, Sina, and Golestan hospitals in Ahwaz, Iran. 72 samples of microbial parameters and 24 samples of chemical parameters were collected from water used in hemodialysis instruments, including microbial characteristics (the total coliform, fecal coliform and heterotrophic bacteria counts) and chemical characteristics (pH, turbidity, PO, Cl, Mg, So, Ca, NO, and EC) at Razi, Imam, and Golestan educational hospitals on all weekdays during 2018-2019. In this study, experiments were done according to the current standard methods, EPA from hemodialysis instruments. Finally, using SPSS18 software and descriptive statistics, the relationship between results at the removal of toxic, microbial, and chemical pollutants in different months and hospitals was investigated. this study showed that the average concentration of chemical characteristics during the warm season at Razi, Imam, and Golestan educational hospitals for pH, Turbidity, PO, Cl, Mg, So, Ca, NO, and EC were (6.867, 6.4475, 6.53); (2.985, 3.035, 1.226); (0.075, 0.245, 0.195); (38.5, 21.965, 144.87); (1.552, 1.657, 39.445); (8.6, 4.5, 21.5), (2.09, 3.187, 78.975); (0.0082, 0.038, 0.155), and (125.25, 70.35, 78.35), respectively during 2018. Also, during 2019, results showed that the average levels of amounts for pH, Turbidity, PO, Cl, Mg, So, Ca, NO, and EC in Razi, Imam, and Golestan educational hospitals were (7.077, 7.252, 6.435), (1.725, 0.595, 4.16), (0.0775, 0.0597, 0.0297), (52.33, 138.81, 20.92), (23.52, 18.227, 8.767), (35, 27.25, 4.05), (14.58, 28.152, 9.25), (0.0067, 0.0045, 0.0032), and (210.52, 121.62, 29.16), respectively. According to the results, hemodialysis instruments in Razi and Imam have a 90% efficiency in removing heterotrophic bacteria counts (HPC). Based on these findings, educational hospital hemodialysis equipment effluent in Ahvaz, Iran was mitted to Iran environmental standards for use in hemodialysis machines. The result showed that the removal percentage level of microbial and chemical pollutants by the hemodialysis process is comparatively suitable. It should be mentioned that in the proper operation and reconstruction, hemodialysis systems can have an increased rate of removal of microbial and chemical pollutants.
透析用水至关重要，因为其中含有各种对患者有害的污染物。本研究的目的是评估 2018 年至 2019 年期间伊朗阿瓦兹贾迪德大学医学科学教育医院血液透析仪器去除微生物和化学污染物的效率。本横断面描述性研究研究了伊朗阿瓦兹拉济、西娜和戈勒斯坦医院血液透析仪器的微生物和化学水质。从血液透析仪器使用的水中采集了 72 份微生物参数样本和 24 份化学参数样本，包括微生物特征（总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群和异养菌计数）和化学特征（pH 值、浊度、PO、Cl、Mg、So、Ca、NO 和 EC），2018 年至 2019 年期间，所有工作日在拉济、伊玛目和戈勒斯坦教育医院进行。在这项研究中，实验是根据当前的标准方法 EPA 进行的，从血液透析仪器中进行。最后，使用 SPSS18 软件和描述性统计，研究了不同月份和医院之间去除有毒、微生物和化学污染物的结果之间的关系。研究表明，2018 年温暖季节拉济、伊玛目和戈勒斯坦教育医院化学特征的平均浓度为 pH 值（6.867、6.4475、6.53）、浊度（2.985、3.035、1.226）、PO（0.075、0.245、0.195）、Cl（38.5、21.965、144.87）、Mg（1.552、1.657、39.445）、So（8.6、4.5、21.5）、Ca（2.09、3.187、78.975）、NO（0.0082、0.038、0.155）和 EC（125.25、70.35、78.35）。此外，2019 年期间，结果表明，拉济、伊玛目和戈勒斯坦教育医院 pH 值、浊度、PO、Cl、Mg、So、Ca、NO 和 EC 的平均水平分别为 7.077、7.252、6.435、1.725、0.595、4.16、0.0775、0.0597、0.0297、52.33、138.81、20.92、23.52、18.227、8.767、35、27.25、4.05、14.58、28.152、9.25、0.0067、0.0045、0.0032 和 210.52、121.62、29.16。根据结果，拉济和伊玛目医院的血液透析仪器对异养菌计数（HPC）的去除效率达到 90%。根据这些发现，伊朗阿瓦兹教育医院血液透析设备的废水符合伊朗血液透析机使用的环境标准。结果表明，血液透析过程中微生物和化学污染物的去除率水平相当合适。值得一提的是，在适当的操作和改造下，血液透析系统可以提高微生物和化学污染物的去除率。
