Cortes-Ferre Hector Emmanuel, Antunes-Ricardo Marilena, Gutiérrez-Uribe Janet Alejandra
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Mexico.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 8;9:942805. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942805. eCollection 2022.
Capsaicinoids are the main bioactive compounds extracted from chili pepper seeds (CPSs) but other bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds may be found. Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) improves the extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits and seeds. The aim of this study was to establish the cellulase-assisted extraction conditions of capsaicinoids and phenolic compounds from Habanero CPSs () and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the obtained extracts on murine macrophages. EAE was performed using different temperatures (T1 = 30°C, T2 = 45°C and T3 = 60°C), enzyme concentrations (E1 = 2,500 UI/L and E2 = 250 UI/L), and extraction time periods (0-150 min). Total phenolic compounds were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, capsaicin (CAP) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) contents were evaluated by HPLC, and anti-inflammatory activity was performed with Griess assay on murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell culture. The highest phenolic compound content (337.96 mg GAE/L) was achieved at 30°C, 2,500 UI/L, and 150 min of extraction. The highest CAP content (310.23 μg/ml) was obtained at 45°C with 250 UI/L for 150 min, while for DHC (167.72 μg/ml), the conditions were 60°C, 2,500 UI/L, and 120 min. The highest anti-inflammatory response was obtained when 60°C, E2, and 150 min were used for the extraction, and nitric oxide (NO) production was reduced to 22.56%. Based on the results obtained in this research, EAE allowed the recovery of compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from CPS using water as a solvent. There was a correlation between the extraction of CAP and DHC. But although a moderate direct correlation between the concentration of capsaicinoids and total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and an inverse correlation of the presence of the bioactive compounds (TPC, CAP, and DHC) with the NO synthesis, these were not statistically significant. We demonstrated that Habanero seeds are an important raw material to recover anti-inflammatory compounds beyond capsaicinoids using water in EAE.
辣椒素类化合物是从辣椒种子（CPSs）中提取的主要生物活性成分，但也可能存在其他生物活性化合物，如酚类化合物。酶辅助提取（EAE）可提高从果实和种子中提取生物活性化合物的效率。本研究的目的是确定哈瓦那辣椒种子中辣椒素类化合物和酚类化合物的纤维素酶辅助提取条件，并评估所得提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞的抗炎活性。使用不同温度（T1 = 30°C、T2 = 45°C和T3 = 60°C）、酶浓度（E1 = 2500 UI/L和E2 = 250 UI/L）以及提取时间段（0 - 150分钟）进行EAE。使用福林 - 西奥尔特法对总酚类化合物进行定量，通过高效液相色谱法评估辣椒素（CAP）和二氢辣椒素（DHC）的含量，并在小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7细胞培养物上用格里斯法进行抗炎活性检测。在30°C、2500 UI/L和150分钟提取时，酚类化合物含量最高（337.96 mg GAE/L）。在45°C、250 UI/L和150分钟时获得最高的CAP含量（310.23 μg/ml），而对于DHC（167.72 μg/ml），条件是60°C、2500 UI/L和120分钟。当在60°C、E2和150分钟进行提取时，获得最高的抗炎反应，一氧化氮（NO）生成减少至22.56%。基于本研究获得的结果，EAE使用水作为溶剂从CPS中回收了具有抗炎活性的化合物。CAP和DHC的提取之间存在相关性。但是，尽管辣椒素类化合物和总酚类化合物（TPCs）浓度之间存在适度的直接相关性，并且生物活性化合物（TPC、CAP和DHC）的存在与NO合成呈负相关，但这些在统计学上并不显著。我们证明，在EAE中使用水时，哈瓦那辣椒种子是除辣椒素类化合物之外回收抗炎化合物的重要原料。
