Khan Faiz Ullah, Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain, Khan Qasim, Khan Farman Ullah, Hayat Khezar, Khan Yusra Habib, Ahmad Tawseef, Fang Yu
Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Sep 8;9:962657. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.962657. eCollection 2022.
The storage of antimicrobials at home is frequently in-practice in various developing countries, resulting an irrational use, antibiotic resistance, and toxicities. This condition may worsen more in conflict zones where health facilities are limited. This study aimed to determine the storage and use of leftover antibiotics among households (HHs) along with knowledge and awareness about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (ABR).
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Members of HHs were invited to participate in the survey while using a convenient sampling technique. The data were obtained using a validated questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS.
A total of 96 HHs were randomly selected from two districts ( = 50, = 46), with most of the participants being men between the ages of 18 and 28 ( = 45, 46.9%) years. The majority of HHs ( = 32, 33.3%) had six to eight total family members, with one to two chronic diseases ( = 63, 65.6%), individual families ( = 60, 62.5%), and with ( = 35, 36.5%) LRTIs (lower respiratory tract infections). The HHs were aware of the word "antibiotic" ( = 59, 61.5%) and gave correct replies to amoxicillin as an antibiotic ( = 42, 43.8%); on the other hand, HHs also thought of paracetamol as an antibiotic ( = 45, 47.9%). They identified the most common brands of antibiotics easily, and a majority of them ( = 69, 71.9%) had never heard of ABR before and had lower levels of awareness. The most stored antibiotic at home (n=38, 39.6%) was azithromycin (J01FA10). In addition, they had multiple needless (1-2, = 62, 64.6%; 3-4, = 29, 30.2%) and antibiotics in their houses. Age had a strong association ( = 0.017, H = 12) affected the mean knowledge scores related to antibiotic use. Association of education levels ( = 0.001, H = 52.8) and occupation ( = 0.04, H = 10) with proper antibiotics use were found to be significant. However, family members with more than one chronic illness ( = 0.09, H = 0.8) showed a significant relationship with their awareness of antibiotics.
Participants generally stored various antibiotics of different classes in their homes. Lack of knowledge related to the appropriate usage of antibiotics, use of leftover antibiotics, and awareness related to ABR were unknown to the participants.
在各个发展中国家，在家中储存抗菌药物的情况在实际中屡见不鲜，这导致了不合理使用、抗生素耐药性及毒性问题。在卫生设施有限的冲突地区，这种情况可能会更加恶化。本研究旨在确定家庭中剩余抗生素的储存和使用情况，以及关于抗生素和抗生素耐药性（ABR）的知识和认知。
采用描述性横断面研究设计。运用便利抽样技术邀请家庭成员参与调查。通过一份经过验证的问卷获取数据，并使用SPSS进行分析。
从两个区随机选取了96个家庭（一个区50个，另一个区46个），大多数参与者为18至28岁的男性（45人，占46.9%）。大多数家庭（32个，占33.3%）共有六至八名家庭成员，有一至两种慢性病（63个，占65.6%），为个体家庭（60个，占62.5%），有下呼吸道感染（LRTIs）的家庭有35个（占36.5%）。这些家庭知晓“抗生素”这个词（59个，占61.5%），能正确回答阿莫西林是一种抗生素（42个，占43.8%）；另一方面，也有家庭认为对乙酰氨基酚是一种抗生素（45个，占47.9%）。他们能轻易识别最常见的抗生素品牌，大多数人（69个，占71.9%）以前从未听说过ABR，认知水平较低。家中储存最多的抗生素（n = 38，占39.6%）是阿奇霉素（J01FA10）。此外，他们家中有多种不必要的抗生素（1 - 2种的有62个家庭，占64.6%；3 - 4种的有29个家庭，占30.2%）。年龄有很强的关联性（p = 0.017，H = 12）影响与抗生素使用相关的平均知识得分。发现教育水平（p = 0.001，H = 52.8）和职业（p = 0.04，H = 10）与正确使用抗生素之间存在显著关联。然而，患有不止一种慢性病的家庭成员（p = 0.09，H = 0.8）与他们对抗生素的认知之间存在显著关系。
参与者家中通常储存有各类不同的抗生素。参与者对抗生素的正确使用、剩余抗生素的使用以及ABR相关的知识缺乏了解。
