Yang Li-Na, Liu Hao, Wang Yan-Ping, Seematti Jenifer, Grenville-Briggs Laura J, Wang Zonghua, Zhan Jiasui
Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Jul 12;12:668797. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668797. eCollection 2021.
, the most damaging oomycete pathogen of potato, is specialized to grow sporangiophore through opened stomata for secondary inoculum production. However, it is still unclear which metabolic pathways in potato are manipulated by in the guard cell-pathogen interactions to open the stomata. Here microscopic observations and cell biology were used to investigate antagonistic interactions between guard cells and the oomycete pathogen. We observed that the antagonistic interactions started at the very beginning of infection. Stomatal movement is an important part of the immune response of potato to infection and this occurs through guard cell death and stomatal closure. We observed that appeared to manipulate metabolic processes in guard cells, such as triacylglycerol (TAG) breakdown, starch degradation, HO scavenging, and NO catabolism, which are involved in stomatal movement, to evade these stomatal defense responses. The signal transduction pathway of -induced stomatal opening likely starts from HO and NO scavenging, along with TAG breakdown while the subsequent starch degradation reinforces the opening process by strengthening guard cell turgor and opening the stomata to their maximum aperture. These results suggest that stomata are a barrier stopping from completing its life cycle, but this host defense system can be bypassed through the manipulation of diverse metabolic pathways that may be induced by effector proteins.
马铃薯晚疫病菌是马铃薯最具破坏性的卵菌病原体，它专门通过开放的气孔生长孢子囊梗以产生二次接种体。然而，在保卫细胞与病原体的相互作用中，马铃薯的哪些代谢途径被马铃薯晚疫病菌操纵以打开气孔仍不清楚。在这里，利用显微镜观察和细胞生物学方法研究保卫细胞与卵菌病原体之间的拮抗相互作用。我们观察到，拮抗相互作用在感染刚开始时就开始了。气孔运动是马铃薯对马铃薯晚疫病菌感染免疫反应的重要组成部分，这是通过保卫细胞死亡和气孔关闭来实现的。我们观察到，马铃薯晚疫病菌似乎操纵保卫细胞中的代谢过程，如三酰甘油（TAG）分解、淀粉降解、H₂O₂清除和NO分解代谢，这些过程都参与气孔运动，以逃避这些气孔防御反应。马铃薯晚疫病菌诱导气孔开放的信号转导途径可能从H₂O₂和NO清除开始，同时伴随着TAG分解，而随后的淀粉降解通过增强保卫细胞膨压并将气孔打开到最大孔径来加强开放过程。这些结果表明，气孔是阻止马铃薯晚疫病菌完成其生命周期的一个屏障，但这种宿主防御系统可以通过操纵可能由效应蛋白诱导的多种代谢途径来绕过。
