Chen Hsiang-Chun, Kao Chien-Hui, Wang Tzu-Hua, Lai Yen-Ting
Department of Early Childhood Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
Department of Education and Learning Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 8;13:918048. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918048. eCollection 2022.
Working memory performance affects children's learning. This study examined objective (task performance), subjective (self-report), and physiological (pupil dilation) cognitive load (CL) while children completed a spatial working memory complex span task. Frist, 80 Taiwanese 11-year-olds (40 boys) who participated in Experiment 1 confirmed the suitability of the materials. Then, 72 Taiwanese 11-year-olds (35 boys) were assigned to high and low complexity groups to participate in Experiment 2 to test the study hypothesis. Children had to recall at the end of a dual-task list and answer two questions regarding the difficulty and mental effort involved in processing and storage. Their pupil diameters were recorded using an eye-tracker. Two-way mixed ANOVA found that the processing requirements and memory load reduced storage and aggravated the subjective CL of storage; the subjective CL of processing was higher under highly complex conditions. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that subjective CL of processing predicted memory performance in low CL conditions, and physiological CL of processing predicted it in high CL conditions.
工作记忆表现会影响儿童的学习。本研究在儿童完成一项空间工作记忆复杂广度任务时，考察了客观（任务表现）、主观（自我报告）和生理（瞳孔扩张）认知负荷（CL）。首先，80名台湾11岁儿童（40名男孩）参与实验1，以确认材料的适用性。然后，72名台湾11岁儿童（35名男孩）被分为高复杂性组和低复杂性组，参与实验2以检验研究假设。儿童必须在双任务列表结束时进行回忆，并回答两个关于加工和存储过程中所涉及的难度和心理努力的问题。使用眼动仪记录他们的瞳孔直径。双向混合方差分析发现，加工要求和记忆负荷会降低存储能力，并加重存储的主观CL；在高度复杂的条件下，加工的主观CL更高。逐步回归分析表明，加工的主观CL在低CL条件下预测记忆表现，而加工的生理CL在高CL条件下预测记忆表现。
