Leiden University Institute of Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2018 Dec;25(6):2005-2015. doi: 10.3758/s13423-018-1432-y.
Pupillometry research has experienced an enormous revival in the last two decades. Here we briefly review the surge of recent studies on task-evoked pupil dilation in the context of cognitive control tasks with the primary aim being to evaluate the feasibility of using pupil dilation as an index of effort exertion, rather than task demand or difficulty. Our review shows that across the three cognitive control domains of updating, switching, and inhibition, increases in task demands typically leads to increases in pupil dilation. Studies show a diverging pattern with respect to the relationship between pupil dilation and performance and we show how an effort account of pupil dilation can provide an explanation of these findings. We also discuss future directions to further corroborate this account in the context of recent theories on cognitive control and effort and their potential neurobiological substrates.
瞳孔测量研究在过去二十年中经历了巨大的复兴。在这里，我们简要回顾了最近在认知控制任务背景下对任务诱发瞳孔扩张的研究热潮，主要目的是评估将瞳孔扩张用作努力程度的指标的可行性，而不是任务需求或难度。我们的综述表明，在更新、转换和抑制这三个认知控制领域中，任务需求的增加通常会导致瞳孔扩张的增加。研究表明，瞳孔扩张与绩效之间的关系呈现出发散的模式，我们展示了如何用瞳孔扩张的努力解释来解释这些发现。我们还讨论了进一步在认知控制和努力的最新理论及其潜在神经生物学基础的背景下验证这一解释的未来方向。
