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美国人对 COVID-19 加强针意愿的多层次决定因素。

Multilevel determinants on COVID-19 booster intention among Americans.

机构信息

Department of Sociology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.

出版信息

Prev Med. 2022 Nov;164:107269. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107269. Epub 2022 Sep 23.

Abstract

The pandemic has disrupted public health and social well-being for more than two years. With the vaccine efficacy waning over time and the spread of new variants, a booster becomes increasingly imperative. This study investigates predictors of the American public's COVID-19 booster intention. A national survey was conducted from September 23rd to October 31st, 2021, on a representative sample. The survey data is merged with state-level indicators of vaccination rate, case rate, political context, and economic recovery. Multilevel regression modeling is adopted for statistical estimation. Results show that a higher proportion of vaccinated people in the network is positively related to one's chance of getting the booster (β = 0.593, p = 0.000). In comparison, a higher proportion of infected people in the network is negatively related to one's intention to become boosted (β = -0.240, p = 0.039). Additionally, the higher educated (β = 0.080, p = 0.001) and older (β = 0.004, p = 0.013) were more likely to say they would get the booster than their counterparts. Meanwhile, the odds of people taking the COVID-19 booster decrease by 3.541 points (p = 0.002) for each unit increase in the case rate at the state level. This study articulates that individual intention to take the booster is a function of their personal characteristics and is also rooted in social networks. These findings contribute to the literature and have policy implications. Knowledge of the profiles among people who intend to take/refuse the booster provides essential information to leverage certain factors and maximize booster uptake to mitigate the pandemic's devastating impact.

摘要

大流行已经扰乱了公共卫生和社会福祉两年多。随着疫苗效力随时间减弱和新变种的传播,加强针变得越来越必要。本研究调查了美国公众对 COVID-19 加强针意愿的预测因素。 2021 年 9 月 23 日至 10 月 31 日,在一个有代表性的样本上进行了全国性调查。调查数据与疫苗接种率、病例率、政治背景和经济复苏的州级指标合并。采用多层次回归模型进行统计估计。结果表明,网络中接种疫苗的人比例越高,接种加强针的机会就越大(β=0.593,p=0.000)。相比之下,网络中感染人数的比例越高,接种加强针的意愿就越低(β=-0.240,p=0.039)。此外,受教育程度较高的人(β=0.080,p=0.001)和年龄较大的人(β=0.004,p=0.013)比同龄人更有可能表示他们会接种加强针。同时,每增加一个州级病例率单位,接种 COVID-19 加强针的几率就会降低 3.541 分(p=0.002)。本研究表明,个人接种加强针的意愿是个人特征的函数,也植根于社交网络。这些发现对文献有贡献,并具有政策意义。了解打算接种/拒绝接种加强针的人的特征,为利用某些因素并最大限度地提高加强针接种率以减轻大流行的破坏性影响提供了重要信息。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3dcf/9502435/6b0dec3300ba/gr1_lrg.jpg

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