Vineis P, Estève J
Toxicol Pathol. 1987;15(2):234-7. doi: 10.1177/019262338701500218.
A case-control study on 461 males with bladder cancer and 566 hospitalized male controls (all under age 70 and residing in the province of Turin, northern Italy) has been re-analyzed in an attempt to elucidate the role of different temporal variables. Both duration and independently cessation seem to play an important role in the carcinogenic activity of tobacco, whereas occupational exposures to aromatic amines were related to the age at first exposure. Relative risks for current smokers who have smoked less than 20, 20-29, and 40 plus years were 2.8, 6.5, and 8.2, respectively; for ex-smokers such estimates were approximately halved. In the case of occupational exposures, relative risks were 6.7, 3.1, and 1.5 for first exposure ages of less than 25, 25-34, and 35 plus years, respectively.
一项针对461名男性膀胱癌患者和566名住院男性对照者（均未满70岁，居住在意大利北部都灵省）的病例对照研究进行了重新分析，以试图阐明不同时间变量的作用。吸烟持续时间和戒烟似乎在烟草致癌活动中都起着重要作用，而职业性接触芳香胺与首次接触年龄有关。吸烟少于20年、20 - 29年和40年以上的现吸烟者的相对风险分别为2.8、6.5和8.2；对于已戒烟者，此类估计值约减半。在职业接触方面，首次接触年龄小于25岁、25 - 34岁和35岁以上者的相对风险分别为6.7、3.1和1.5。
