Girma Abayeneh, Tamir Dessalew
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekdela Amba University, P.O. Box 32, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia.
Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Vet Med Int. 2022 Sep 17;2022:7775197. doi: 10.1155/2022/7775197. eCollection 2022.
Bovine mastitis remains a major prevalent disease in cattle and places a significant economic burden on the global dairy industry. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the overall prevalence of mastitis and its associated risk factors among dairy cows. Scientific articles written in English were recovered from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and other sources from Google Engine and University Library Databases. "Prevalence," "bovine mastitis," "clinical mastitis," "subclinical mastitis," "associated factors," "dairy cows," and "Ethiopia" were search terms used for this study. For critical appraisal, PRISMA 2009 was applied. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated using Cochran's , inverse variance ( ), and funnel plot asymmetry tests. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled burden of mastitis and its associated factors among dairy cows, along with the parallel odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 6438 dairy cows were included in the 17 eligible studies for this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of mastitis among dairy cows in Ethiopia was 43.60% (95% CI: 34.71, 52.49), of which 12.59% (95% CI: 7.18, 18.00) and 32.21% (95% CI: 24.68, 39.74) were clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. Of the regions, the highest and lowest pooled prevalence estimates of mastitis among dairy cows were 49.90% (95% CI: 31.77, 68.03) and 25.09% (95% CI: 3.86, 46.32) in the Oromia and Amhara regions, respectively. The highest pooled prevalence estimate in the study period was recorded between 2017 and 2022, with a pooled prevalence estimate of 46.83% (95% CI: 35.68, 57.97), followed by the study period from 2005 to 2016, with a pooled prevalence estimate of 39.97% (95% CI: 25.50, 54.44). Gram-positive bacteria (84.70%) were the most prevalent mastitis-causing agents compared with Gram-negative bacteria (15.30%). Breed (AOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.90), lactation stage (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.15), parity (AOR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.69, 4.94), history of mastitis (AOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 2.40, 4.71), floor type (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: -0.16, 3.34), and teat injury (AOR: 6.98, 95% CI: 0.33, 13.64) were factors significantly associated with mastitis among dairy cows in Ethiopia. Early diagnosis and proper medication, as well as implementing appropriate prevention and control measures, are necessary for the management of mastitis in dairy cows.
奶牛乳腺炎仍然是奶牛中的一种主要流行疾病，给全球乳制品行业带来了巨大的经济负担。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是研究奶牛乳腺炎的总体患病率及其相关危险因素。从PubMed、ScienceDirect、Web of Science、谷歌学术、Cochrane图书馆以及谷歌引擎和大学图书馆数据库的其他来源检索了用英文撰写的科学文章。本研究使用的检索词为“患病率”“奶牛乳腺炎”“临床乳腺炎”“亚临床乳腺炎”“相关因素”“奶牛”和“埃塞俄比亚”。为进行严格评价，应用了PRISMA 2009。使用Cochran's检验、逆方差检验和漏斗图不对称检验评估异质性和发表偏倚。采用随机效应模型计算奶牛乳腺炎及其相关因素的合并负担，以及平行比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。本荟萃分析的17项符合条件的研究共纳入了6438头奶牛。埃塞俄比亚奶牛乳腺炎的总体合并患病率为43.60%（95%CI：34.71，52.49），其中临床病例和亚临床病例分别为12.59%（95%CI：7.18，18.00）和32.21%（95%CI：24.68，39.74）。在各地区中，奥罗米亚地区和阿姆哈拉地区奶牛乳腺炎的合并患病率估计最高和最低，分别为49.90%（95%CI：31.77，68.03）和25.09%（95%CI：3.86，46.32）。研究期间合并患病率估计最高的是2017年至2022年，合并患病率估计为46.83%（95%CI：35.68，57.97），其次是2005年至2016年的研究期间，合并患病率估计为39.97%（95%CI：25.50，54.44）。与革兰氏阴性菌（15.30%）相比，革兰氏阳性菌（84.70%）是最常见的引起乳腺炎的病原体。品种（调整后比值比：2.17，95%CI：1.44，2.90）、泌乳阶段（调整后比值比：1.59，95%CI：1.04，2.15）、胎次（调整后比值比：3.31，95%CI：1.69，4.94）、乳腺炎病史（调整后比值比：3.56，95%CI：2.40，4.71）、地面类型（调整后比值比：-0.16，3.34）和乳头损伤（调整后比值比：6.98，95%CI：0.33，13.64）是埃塞俄比亚奶牛乳腺炎的显著相关因素。早期诊断和适当用药，以及实施适当的预防和控制措施，对于奶牛乳腺炎的管理是必要的。
