Kwon Min-Soo
Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
Arch Pharm Res. 2022 Sep;45(9):618-630. doi: 10.1007/s12272-022-01406-1. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
For a long time, microglia have been recognized as the main culprits of neuroinflammatory responses because they are primary phagocytes present in the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). However, with the evolving concept of microglial biology, advanced and precise approaches, rather than the global inhibition of activated microglia, have been proposed in the management of neurological disorders. Yolk sac-derived resident microglia have heterogeneous composition according to brain region, sex, and diseases. They play a key role in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and as primary phagocytes. The perturbation of microglia development can induce neurodevelopmental disorders. Microglia aggravate or alleviate neuroinflammation according to microenvironment and their spatiotemporal dynamics. They are long-lived cells and repopulate via their proliferation or external monocyte engraft. Based on this evolving concept, understanding advanced therapeutic strategies targeting microglia can give us an opportunity to discover novel therapies for neurological disorders.
长期以来，小胶质细胞一直被认为是神经炎症反应的主要元凶，因为它们是中枢神经系统（CNS）实质中存在的主要吞噬细胞。然而，随着小胶质细胞生物学概念的不断发展，在神经系统疾病的管理中，已经提出了先进而精确的方法，而不是全面抑制活化的小胶质细胞。卵黄囊来源的常驻小胶质细胞根据脑区、性别和疾病具有异质性组成。它们在维持CNS稳态以及作为主要吞噬细胞方面发挥着关键作用。小胶质细胞发育的扰动可诱发神经发育障碍。小胶质细胞根据微环境及其时空动态加重或减轻神经炎症。它们是长寿细胞，通过自身增殖或外部单核细胞植入进行补充。基于这一不断发展的概念，了解针对小胶质细胞的先进治疗策略可以为我们提供一个发现神经系统疾病新疗法的机会。
