Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Aging (Albany NY). 2022 Sep 28;14(18):7635-7649. doi: 10.18632/aging.204310.
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating and lethal human malignancy with no curable chemo-treatments available thus far. More than 90% of pancreatic tumors are formed from ductal epithelium as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which often accompany with the expression of mutant . The incidences of pancreatic cancer are expected to increase rapidly worldwide in the near future, due to environmental pollution, obesity epidemics and etc. The dismal prognosis of this malignancy is contributed to its susceptibility to tumor micro-metastasis from inception and the lack of methods to detect precursor lesions at very early stages of the onset until clinical symptoms occur. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have been making promising progresses for discovering markers to determine the subtypes or stages of this malignancy, which allow effectively implementing personalized therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to discuss the existing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer and the current state of treatment options with the emphasis on targeting therapeutic approaches. The specific focuses are on the molecular mechanisms of the disease, identifications of drug resistance, establishment of immune escaping mechanisms as well as potential of targeting identified pathways in combinations with existing chemo-drugs.
胰腺癌是一种具有破坏性和致命性的人类恶性肿瘤，目前尚无可治愈的化疗方法。超过 90%的胰腺肿瘤是由导管上皮形成的胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC），通常伴随着突变的表达。由于环境污染、肥胖症流行等因素，预计在不久的将来，全球胰腺癌的发病率将迅速上升。这种恶性肿瘤预后不佳，主要是由于其从一开始就容易发生肿瘤微转移，并且缺乏在出现临床症状之前非常早期检测到前驱病变的方法。近年来，基础和临床研究在发现用于确定这种恶性肿瘤亚型或分期的标志物方面取得了有希望的进展，这使得实施个性化治疗干预成为可能。本文综述了胰腺癌的分子机制的现有知识和当前的治疗选择现状，重点介绍了靶向治疗方法。具体重点是疾病的分子机制、耐药性的鉴定、免疫逃逸机制的建立以及与现有化疗药物联合靶向已确定途径的潜力。
