Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; email:
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2022 Sep 29;9(1):307-327. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-012822-125828.
Subcellular organization is essential for life. Cells organize their functions into organelles to concentrate their machinery and supplies for optimal efficiency. Likewise, viruses organize their replication machinery into compartments or factories within their host cells for optimal replicative efficiency. In this review, we discuss how DNA viruses that infect both eukaryotic cells and bacteria assemble replication compartments for synthesis of progeny viral DNA and transcription of the viral genome. Eukaryotic DNA viruses assemble replication compartments in the nucleus of the host cell while DNA bacteriophages assemble compartments called phage nuclei in the bacterial cytoplasm. Thus, DNA viruses infecting host cells from different domains of life share common replication strategies.
细胞的亚细胞结构对于生命至关重要。细胞将其功能组织成细胞器，以集中其机器和供应品，从而实现最佳效率。同样，病毒将其复制机器组织成隔间或工厂，位于宿主细胞内，以实现最佳复制效率。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了感染真核细胞和细菌的 DNA 病毒如何组装复制隔间，以合成子代病毒 DNA 和转录病毒基因组。真核 DNA 病毒在宿主细胞的核内组装复制隔间，而 DNA 噬菌体则在细菌细胞质中组装称为噬菌体核的隔间。因此，感染来自不同生命领域的宿主细胞的 DNA 病毒具有共同的复制策略。
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