Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico; School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Syst Appl Microbiol. 2022 Nov;45(6):126358. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2022.126358. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
Scorpions were among the first animals on land around 430 million years ago. Like many arachnids, scorpions have evolved complex venoms used to paralyze their prey and for self-defense. Here we sequenced and analyzed the metagenomic DNA from venom glands from Vaejovis smithi scorpions. A metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) of 624,025 bp was obtained corresponding to the previously reported Scorpion Group 1 (SG1). The SG1 genome from venom glands had a low GC content (25.8%) characteristic of reduced genomes, many hypothetical genes and genes from the reported minimal set of bacterial genes. Phylogenomic reconstructions placed the uncultured SG1 distant from other reported bacteria constituting a taxonomic novelty. By PCR we detected SG1 in all tested venom glands from 30 independent individuals. Microscopically, we observed SG1 inside epithelial cells from the venom glands using FISH and its presence in scorpion embryos suggested that SG1 is transferred from mother to offspring.
大约 4.3 亿年前，蝎子是第一批在陆地上出现的动物之一。与许多蛛形纲动物一样，蝎子进化出了复杂的毒液，用于麻痹猎物和自卫。在这里，我们对来自 Vaejovis smithi 蝎子的毒液腺的宏基因组 DNA 进行了测序和分析。获得了一个 624,025 bp 的宏基因组组装基因组（MAG），对应于先前报道的蝎群 1（SG1）。来自毒液腺的 SG1 基因组 GC 含量低（25.8%），这是减少基因组的特征，具有许多假设基因和报告的最小细菌基因集的基因。系统发育重建将未培养的 SG1 置于与其他报道的构成分类学新颖性的细菌相去甚远的位置。通过 PCR，我们在 30 个独立个体的所有测试毒液腺中均检测到了 SG1。通过显微镜观察，我们使用 FISH 在来自毒液腺的上皮细胞中观察到了 SG1，并且其在蝎子胚胎中的存在表明 SG1 是从母亲转移到后代的。
