David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Genes Dev. 2022 Aug 1;36(15-16):936-949. doi: 10.1101/gad.349659.122. Epub 2022 Sep 29.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common histological subtype, accounts for 40% of all cases. While existing genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) recapitulate the histological progression and transcriptional evolution of human LUAD, they are time-consuming and technically demanding. In contrast, cell line transplant models are fast and flexible, but these models fail to capture the full spectrum of disease progression. Organoid technologies provide a means to create next-generation cancer models that integrate the most advantageous features of autochthonous and transplant-based systems. However, robust and faithful LUAD organoid platforms are currently lacking. Here, we describe optimized conditions to continuously expand murine alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, a prominent cell of origin for LUAD, in organoid culture. These organoids display canonical features of AT2 cells, including marker gene expression, the presence of lamellar bodies, and an ability to differentiate into the AT1 lineage. We used this system to develop flexible and versatile immunocompetent organoid-based models of , , and mutant LUAD. Notably, organoid-based tumors display extensive burden and complete penetrance and are histopathologically indistinguishable from their autochthonous counterparts. Altogether, this organoid platform is a powerful, versatile new model system to study LUAD.
肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。肺腺癌(LUAD)是最常见的组织学亚型,占所有病例的 40%。虽然现有的基因工程小鼠模型(GEMMs)能够重现人类 LUAD 的组织学进展和转录进化,但这些模型耗时且技术要求高。相比之下,细胞系移植模型快速且灵活,但这些模型无法捕捉到疾病进展的全貌。类器官技术为创建下一代癌症模型提供了一种手段,这些模型整合了同源和移植系统的最有利特征。然而,目前缺乏稳健且忠实的 LUAD 类器官平台。在这里,我们描述了优化条件,以在类器官培养中连续扩增肺腺泡 2 型(AT2)细胞,这是 LUAD 的主要起源细胞。这些类器官显示出 AT2 细胞的典型特征,包括标记基因表达、板层小体的存在以及向 AT1 谱系分化的能力。我们使用该系统开发了具有免疫能力的、灵活多样的 、 和 突变 LUAD 基于类器官的模型。值得注意的是,基于类器官的肿瘤显示出广泛的负担和完全的穿透性,并且在组织病理学上与同源肿瘤无法区分。总之,这个类器官平台是研究 LUAD 的强大、多功能的新模型系统。
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