Santillo A, Ciliberti M G, Ciampi F, Luciano G, Natalello A, Menci R, Caccamo M, Sevi A, Albenzio M
Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
J Dairy Sci. 2022 Nov;105(11):8609-8620. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22256. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
The aim of the present study was to assess the dietary supplementation of tannins to grazing dairy cows in 2 seasons characterized by a good quality pasture (spring) or a poor-quality pasture (summer). The effects of dietary tannins were assessed on plasma antioxidant status and cytokines profile and on the antioxidant properties of cheese and cheese in vitro digestates. Fourteen lactating dairy cows were divided into 2 homogeneous groups (n = 7): a control group (CON), and an experimental group (TAN) receiving 150 g/head per day of tannins supplementation. The experiment was performed twice, in spring and in summer. The animals were free to graze on spontaneous pasture (spring) or on dry stubble (summer). Blood was sampled at the beginning (d 0), at the midpoint (d 11), and at the end (d 22) of the trial. Individual cheese was produced before the beginning (d -1) and at the end (d 22) of the trial from the milk collected from each cow. On blood plasma, the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), nonesterified fatty acids quantification, and cytokines profile in terms of IL-10, IL-8, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were determined. Data on ROM demonstrated that tannins supplementation lowered oxidative stress both in spring and in summer. Accordingly, TAN diet increased BAP levels compared with the CON during summer trial. Thus, feeding tannins resulted in lower ratio between ROM and BAP (oxidative stress index) in both spring and summer. Cytokines' profile showed lower IL-1β values in TAN group at d 22 during spring season, with a concomitant higher IL-10 level, during summer season. Moreover, TAN group had a lower level of IFN-γ in plasma than CON group, both in spring and in summer. On cheese samples, the in vitro digestion was performed and on cheese and cheese digestates (gastric and intestinal digestate) the free radical scavenging antioxidant activity was evaluated. The intestinal digestate fraction registered the highest antioxidant activity compared with cheese and gastric digestate, in both spring and summer seasons. Furthermore, an improvement of the antioxidant property of cheese and cheese digestates was found. Present data demonstrated that tannins supplementation contributed to reduce the oxidative stress of lactating dairy cows and showed an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines ratio.
本研究的目的是评估在两个季节（以优质牧草为特征的春季和劣质牧草的夏季）向放牧奶牛日粮中添加单宁的效果。评估日粮单宁对血浆抗氧化状态、细胞因子谱以及奶酪和奶酪体外消化物抗氧化特性的影响。14头泌乳奶牛被分为2个同质组（n = 7）：对照组（CON）和实验组（TAN），实验组每天每头补充150克单宁。实验在春季和夏季进行了两次。动物可自由采食天然牧草（春季）或干茬（夏季）。在试验开始时（第0天）、中点（第11天）和结束时（第22天）采集血液。在试验开始前（第 -1天）和结束时（第22天）从每头奶牛采集的牛奶中制作个体奶酪。对血浆测定活性氧代谢产物（ROM）、生物抗氧化潜力（BAP）、非酯化脂肪酸定量以及IL-10、IL-8、IL-1β和IFN-γ方面的细胞因子谱。关于ROM的数据表明，添加单宁在春季和夏季均降低了氧化应激。因此，在夏季试验期间，与CON组相比，TAN日粮提高了BAP水平。因此，在春季和夏季，饲喂单宁均导致ROM与BAP之间的比率（氧化应激指数）降低。细胞因子谱显示，在春季第22天，TAN组的IL-1β值较低，同时IL-10水平较高，在夏季也是如此。此外，在春季和夏季，TAN组血浆中的IFN-γ水平均低于CON组。对奶酪样品进行体外消化，并评估奶酪和奶酪消化物（胃和肠道消化物）的自由基清除抗氧化活性。在春季和夏季两个季节中，与奶酪和胃消化物相比，肠道消化物部分的抗氧化活性最高。此外，还发现奶酪和奶酪消化物的抗氧化性能有所改善。目前的数据表明，添加单宁有助于降低泌乳奶牛的氧化应激，并显示抗炎细胞因子比率增加。
