Schaeffel F, Howland H C, Farkas L
Vision Res. 1986;26(12):1977-93. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(86)90123-9.
A new technique, Infrared Photoretinoscopy, has been employed for recording natural accommodation in the chicken. The illumination of the pupil by the fundus reflection of infrared light provided by high output light emitting diodes (I.R. LED's) was monitored on a video screen. The defocus of the eye could be calculated by evaluating the fraction of the pupil which was illuminated. It was found that: in the chick the full range of accommodation (about 17D) is present in the first day after hatching, accommodation acts completely independently in both eyes, the "near pupillary response" is weaker in younger chicks, the pupil constriction in response to light starts at higher luminance in the younger chicks the developmental decrease of the f/number is not sufficient to explain the change of the pupil reaction to light. Problems resulting from the use of drugs in order to measure the refractive state using normal retinoscopy are discussed.
一种新技术，红外视网膜检影法，已被用于记录鸡的自然调节。通过高输出发光二极管（红外发光二极管）提供的红外光眼底反射对瞳孔的照明在视频屏幕上进行监测。通过评估被照亮的瞳孔部分可以计算出眼睛的散焦。结果发现：在雏鸡中，孵化后第一天就存在完整的调节范围（约17D），双眼调节完全独立起作用，幼雏的“近瞳孔反应”较弱，幼雏对光反应的瞳孔收缩在较高亮度时开始，f/数的发育性降低不足以解释瞳孔对光反应的变化。还讨论了使用药物通过常规视网膜检影法测量屈光状态所产生的问题。
