Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Jan;58(1):81-87. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26162. Epub 2022 Oct 11.
Data on the prevalence and type of lung function impairment in preschool and school-aged children previously diagnosed with persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI) are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to assess pulmonary function in this age group.
Children diagnosed with PTI over 3 years old were admitted for follow-up visits and healthy controls were enrolled. The study group included children who were able to complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Medical history, physical examination, and pulmonary function (spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, nitrogen multiple breath washout test, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DL ]) were assessed.
Thirty-seven children (26 boys, 11 girls; median age: 5.6 years) diagnosed with PTI and 37 healthy controls were recruited. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity were significantly lower (-1.12 vs. 0.48, p = 0.002 and -0.83 vs. 0.31, p = 0.009, respectively); respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (0.06 vs. -0.62, p = 0.003), resonant frequency (1.86 vs. 1.36, p = 0.04), residual volume (RV) (2.34 vs. -1.2, p < 0.0001), RV%TLC (total lung capacity) (2.63 vs. -0.72, p < 0.0001), and specific airway resistance (5.4 vs. 2.59, p = 0.04) were significantly higher in PTI patients as compared with controls (data were presented as median z-score). Air trapping was found in 60.0%, and abnormally high lung clearance index and DL were found in 73.3% and 90.9% of PTI patients, respectively.
This study demonstrated that lung function is affected in most children with PTI. PFTs showed that peripheral airways are the major zone of functional impairment.
先前患有持续性细支气管炎（PTI）的学龄前和学龄期儿童的肺功能损害的流行率和类型的数据很少。因此，本研究旨在评估该年龄组的肺功能。
对 3 岁以上被诊断为 PTI 的儿童进行随访，并招募健康对照者。研究组纳入能够完成肺功能检查（PFT）的儿童。评估病史、体格检查和肺功能（肺活量计，体描法，脉冲震荡法，氮多次呼吸冲洗试验，一氧化碳弥散量[DL]）。
共纳入 37 名被诊断为 PTI 的儿童（26 名男孩，11 名女孩；中位年龄：5.6 岁）和 37 名健康对照者。第 1 秒用力呼气量和用力肺活量明显较低（-1.12 对 0.48，p = 0.002 和-0.83 对 0.31，p = 0.009）；5 Hz 时呼吸阻力（0.06 对-0.62，p = 0.003）、共振频率（1.86 对 1.36，p = 0.04）、残气量（RV）（2.34 对-1.2，p < 0.0001）、RV/TLC（总肺容量）（2.63 对-0.72，p < 0.0001）和特异性气道阻力（5.4 对 2.59，p = 0.04）在 PTI 患者中明显高于对照组（数据以中位数 z 评分表示）。60.0%的患者存在空气潴留，73.3%和 90.9%的患者分别存在异常高的肺清除指数和 DL 。
本研究表明，大多数 PTI 患儿的肺功能受到影响。PFT 显示外周气道是主要的功能损害区域。
