Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.
Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education Cuautitlán, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico.
N Z Vet J. 2023 Jan;71(1):1-7. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2022.2131648. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects domestic and wild cats around the world. FeLV infection is associated with the development of neoplasms, bone marrow disorders and immunosuppression. Viral subgroups arise from mutations in the FeLV genome or from recombination of FeLV with ancestral endogenous retroviruses in the cat genome. The retroviral endogenisation process has allowed generation of a diversity of endogenous viruses, both functional and defective. These elements may be part of the normal functioning of the feline genome and may also interact with FeLV to form recombinant FeLV subgroups, enhance pathogenicity of viral subgroups, or inhibit and/or regulate other retroviral infections. Recombination of the env gene occurs most frequently and appears to be the most significant in terms of both the quantity and diversification of pathogenic effects in the viral population, as well as affecting cell tropism and types of disease that occur in infected cats. This review focuses on available information regarding genetic diversity, pathogenesis and diagnosis of FeLV as a result of the interaction between endogenous and exogenous viruses.
猫白血病病毒（FeLV）是一种逆转录病毒，可感染全球的家猫和野猫。FeLV 感染与肿瘤、骨髓疾病和免疫抑制的发展有关。病毒亚群是由 FeLV 基因组中的突变或 FeLV 与猫基因组中祖先内源性逆转录病毒的重组产生的。逆转录病毒的内源性过程产生了多种功能和缺陷的内源性病毒。这些元素可能是猫基因组正常功能的一部分，也可能与 FeLV 相互作用形成重组 FeLV 亚群，增强病毒亚群的致病性，或抑制和/或调节其他逆转录病毒感染。env 基因的重组最常发生，并且似乎在病毒群体中对致病性影响的数量和多样化以及对受感染猫中发生的细胞嗜性和疾病类型都有重要影响。这篇综述重点介绍了由于内源性和外源性病毒之间的相互作用而导致的 FeLV 的遗传多样性、发病机制和诊断方面的现有信息。
