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控制接触-调节细胞器膜连接的分子机制。

Controlling contacts-Molecular mechanisms to regulate organelle membrane tethering.

机构信息

College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

出版信息

Bioessays. 2022 Nov;44(11):e2200151. doi: 10.1002/bies.202200151. Epub 2022 Sep 30.

Abstract

In recent years, membrane contact sites (MCS), which mediate interactions between virtually all subcellular organelles, have been extensively characterized and shown to be essential for intracellular communication. In this review essay, we focus on an emerging topic: the regulation of MCS. Focusing on the tether proteins themselves, we discuss some of the known mechanisms which can control organelle tethering events and identify apparent common regulatory hubs, such as the VAP interface at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We also highlight several currently hypothetical concepts, including the idea of tether oligomerization and redox regulation playing a role in MCS formation. We identify gaps in our current understanding, such as the identity of the majority of kinases/phosphatases involved in tether modification and conclude that a holistic approach-incorporating the formation of multiple MCS, regulated by interconnected regulatory modulators-may be required to fully appreciate the true complexity of these fascinating intracellular communication systems.

摘要

近年来,介导几乎所有细胞器相互作用的膜接触位点 (MCS) 已得到广泛研究,并被证明对细胞内通讯至关重要。在这篇综述文章中,我们专注于一个新兴的主题:MCS 的调控。我们专注于连接蛋白本身,讨论了一些已知的可以控制细胞器连接事件的机制,并确定了明显的共同调节枢纽,如内质网 (ER) 上的 VAP 界面。我们还强调了几个目前假设的概念,包括连接蛋白寡聚化和氧化还原调节在 MCS 形成中的作用。我们发现了我们目前理解中的一些空白,例如涉及连接蛋白修饰的大多数激酶/磷酸酶的身份,并得出结论,可能需要采用整体方法——包括由相互连接的调节调节剂调控的多个 MCS 的形成——才能充分了解这些迷人的细胞内通讯系统的真正复杂性。

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