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FFAT 基序磷酸化控制细胞器间接触的形成和脂质转移功能。

FFAT motif phosphorylation controls formation and lipid transfer function of inter-organelle contacts.

机构信息

Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U 1258, Illkirch, France.

出版信息

EMBO J. 2020 Dec 1;39(23):e104369. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019104369. Epub 2020 Oct 30.

DOI:10.15252/embj.2019104369
PMID:33124732
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705450/
Abstract

Organelles are physically connected in membrane contact sites. The endoplasmic reticulum possesses three major receptors, VAP-A, VAP-B, and MOSPD2, which interact with proteins at the surface of other organelles to build contacts. VAP-A, VAP-B, and MOSPD2 contain an MSP domain, which binds a motif named FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract). In this study, we identified a non-conventional FFAT motif where a conserved acidic residue is replaced by a serine/threonine. We show that phosphorylation of this serine/threonine is critical for non-conventional FFAT motifs (named Phospho-FFAT) to be recognized by the MSP domain. Moreover, structural analyses of the MSP domain alone or in complex with conventional and Phospho-FFAT peptides revealed new mechanisms of interaction. Based on these new insights, we produced a novel prediction algorithm, which expands the repertoire of candidate proteins with a Phospho-FFAT that are able to create membrane contact sites. Using a prototypical tethering complex made by STARD3 and VAP, we showed that phosphorylation is instrumental for the formation of ER-endosome contacts, and their sterol transfer function. This study reveals that phosphorylation acts as a general switch for inter-organelle contacts.

摘要

细胞器在膜接触位点物理连接。内质网拥有三个主要受体,VAP-A、VAP-B 和 MOSPD2,它们与其他细胞器表面的蛋白质相互作用以建立联系。VAP-A、VAP-B 和 MOSPD2 包含一个 MSP 结构域,该结构域结合一个名为 FFAT(酸性结构域中的两个苯丙氨酸)的基序。在这项研究中,我们鉴定了一个非传统的 FFAT 基序,其中保守的酸性残基被丝氨酸/苏氨酸取代。我们表明,该丝氨酸/苏氨酸的磷酸化对于非传统 FFAT 基序(称为 Phospho-FFAT)被 MSP 结构域识别至关重要。此外,单独的 MSP 结构域或与常规和 Phospho-FFAT 肽的复合物的结构分析揭示了新的相互作用机制。基于这些新的见解,我们开发了一种新的预测算法,该算法扩展了具有 Phospho-FFAT 的候选蛋白质的 repertoire,这些蛋白质能够创建膜接触位点。使用由 STARD3 和 VAP 组成的典型系绳复合物,我们表明磷酸化对于 ER-内体接触及其固醇转移功能的形成至关重要。这项研究揭示了磷酸化作为细胞器间联系的通用开关。

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