Apolonio Jonathan Santos, da Silva Júnior Ronaldo Teixeira, Cuzzuol Beatriz Rocha, Araújo Glauber Rocha Lima, Marques Hanna Santos, Barcelos Isadora de Souza, Santos Luana Kauany de Sá, Malheiro Luciano Hasimoto, Lima de Souza Gonçalves Vinícius, Freire de Melo Fabrício
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil.
World J Methodol. 2022 Sep 20;12(5):350-364. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i5.350.
Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reached all over the world population, it has demonstrated a heterogeneous impact on different populations. The most vulnerable communities which coexist daily with the social inequalities like low access to hygiene and personal protection products, crowded residences, and higher levels of chronic diseases have a higher risk of contact and the spread of infection, beyond unfavorable clinical outcomes. The elevation of the risk of infection exposure can be related to gender due to the presence of a larger contingent of women in essential services, as well as frontline and cleaning professionals who regardless of gender have the greatest exposure to the virus. Such exposures can contribute to the development of fear of contaminating themselves or their family members associated also with the work stress, both of which are related to the emergence of mental disturbances in these populations. Furthermore, conditions of unsanitary living and low socioeconomic status, populations at war, pre-existing social barriers, and ethnicity have contributed to more impact of the pandemic both in the exposure to the virus and access to health services, COVID-19 management, and management of other pathologies. At the same time, factors such as the closing of non-essential services, the loss of jobs, and the increase in household spending aggravated the social vulnerabilities and impacted the family economy. Lastly, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed still more to the impact on women's health since it propitiated a favorable environment for increasing domestic violence rates, through the segregation of women from social life, and increasing the time of the victims with their aggressors.
尽管2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行已波及全球人口，但它对不同人群的影响呈现出异质性。那些每天都面临社会不平等问题的最脆弱社区，如难以获得卫生和个人防护用品、居住环境拥挤以及慢性病患病率较高，不仅面临不利的临床结果，而且感染接触和传播风险更高。由于在基本服务领域有更多女性，以及一线和清洁专业人员（无论性别）接触病毒的机会最大，感染暴露风险的升高可能与性别有关。这种接触可能导致担心自己或家人被感染，同时也与工作压力有关，这两者都与这些人群出现精神障碍有关。此外，不卫生的生活条件、低社会经济地位、处于战争中的人群、既有的社会障碍以及种族因素，在病毒暴露、获得医疗服务、COVID-19管理以及其他疾病管理方面，都使大流行的影响更大。与此同时，诸如非必要服务关闭、失业以及家庭支出增加等因素加剧了社会脆弱性，并影响了家庭经济。最后，COVID-19大流行对妇女健康的影响更大，因为它通过使妇女与社会生活隔离，以及增加受害者与攻击者相处的时间，为家庭暴力率上升创造了有利环境。
