School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Tongda College, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Yangzhou, China.
PeerJ. 2022 Sep 26;10:e14083. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14083. eCollection 2022.
The ability to stop a response promptly when a stop signal is presented is named response inhibition. It is generally accepted that the process of response inhibition requires a subject to pay attention to the stop instruction and then cancel the action. A wealth of converging evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) can promote response inhibition, but the potential contributions of attentional capture to the relationship between PA and response inhibition are currently unknown. In this study, the standard stop-signal task (SST) and two novel versions of the SST were used to solve this gap. A total of 58 college students were divided into a higher PA group and a lower PA group, respectively. In Experiment 1, the classical SST determined that the participants in the higher PA group displayed a significantly faster stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) than those in the lower PA group. Experiment 2 separated the attentional capture in the SST and revealed that the participants in the higher PA group could detect the signal faster than those in the lower PA group. Experiment 3 further added a stop signal to Experiment 2 and demonstrated that the participants in the higher PA group could more effectively deploy attentional resources to complete the task. Overall, these findings indicate that PA is positively associated with response inhibition and that the positive relationship is associated with effective allocation of attentional resources for faster attentional capture.
当停止信号出现时能够迅速停止反应的能力被称为反应抑制。人们普遍认为，反应抑制的过程需要主体注意停止指令，然后取消动作。大量的证据表明，体育活动（PA）可以促进反应抑制，但目前尚不清楚注意力捕获对 PA 和反应抑制之间关系的潜在贡献。在这项研究中，使用标准停止信号任务（SST）和两种新的 SST 版本来解决这一差距。共有 58 名大学生被分为高 PA 组和低 PA 组。在实验 1 中，经典的 SST 确定高 PA 组的参与者的停止信号反应时间（SSRT）明显快于低 PA 组。实验 2 将 SST 中的注意力捕获分开，并表明高 PA 组的参与者比低 PA 组的参与者能够更快地检测到信号。实验 3 进一步在实验 2 中添加了停止信号，并表明高 PA 组的参与者可以更有效地分配注意力资源来完成任务。总的来说，这些发现表明 PA 与反应抑制呈正相关，而这种积极的关系与更快的注意力捕获中注意力资源的有效分配有关。
