State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, 7270, Switzerland.
Macromol Biosci. 2023 Jan;23(1):e2200311. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202200311. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
The intracellular survival of pathogenic bacteria requires a range of survival strategies and virulence factors. These infections are a significant clinical challenge, wherein treatment frequently fails because of poor antibiotic penetration, stability, and retention in host cells. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are promising tools to overcome these shortcomings and enhance the efficacy of antibiotic therapy. In this review, the classification and the mechanisms of intracellular bacterial persistence are elaborated. Furthermore, the systematic design strategies applied to DDSs to eliminate intracellular bacteria are also described, and the strategies used for internalization, intracellular activation, bacterial targeting, and immune enhancement are highlighted. Finally, this overview provides guidance for constructing functionalized DDSs to effectively eliminate intracellular bacteria.
胞内生存的病原菌需要一系列的生存策略和毒力因子。这些感染是一个重大的临床挑战，因为抗生素在宿主细胞中的穿透性差、稳定性差和保留性差，治疗常常失败。药物传递系统（DDS）是克服这些缺点和提高抗生素治疗效果的有前途的工具。在这篇综述中，阐述了胞内细菌持续存在的分类和机制。此外，还描述了系统设计策略在用于消除胞内细菌的 DDS 中的应用，并强调了用于内化、细胞内激活、细菌靶向和免疫增强的策略。最后，这篇综述为构建功能化的 DDS 以有效消除胞内细菌提供了指导。
