Alasmari Abrar, Larson Heidi J, Karafillakis Emilie
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
Vaccine X. 2022 Sep 21;12:100219. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100219. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Health care professionals are widely considered to be the most trusted source of information on vaccine-related topics. However, several are reporting their own hesitancy around certain vaccines, influencing their intention to vaccinate themselves as well as influencing their recommendations to their patients and target population.
A mixed-methods approach was used including an online survey (n = 1,504) in 15 countries which aimed to determine drivers of HCPs vaccine confidence and examine how these drivers vary across nations. Thirty in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 HCPs in a subset of three countries (France, Greece and Hungry) to explore barriers to HCPs vaccine uptake and their role in addressing vaccine hesitancy among patients.Findings.The survey's regression analysis identified that nurses/midwives and HCPs from Hungary, Italy, Romania and Switzerland were less confident in the safety, importance or effectiveness of vaccines in general. Morocco (35%), Turkey (53%) and Greece (69%) reported the lowest influenza vaccination coverage among HCPs. Morocco also reported the lowest rates of HCPs who were "highly likely" to recommend MMR vaccine (34%), HPV vaccine (31%) and Covid-19 vaccines (29%). More than third of HCPs reported a lack of trust in health authorities and in the information they provide. Thematic analysis revealed that concerns over the risk of side-effects associated with vaccines, preference for natural immunity, whether it was necessary to be vaccinated against influenza every year, not having any chronic disease risk factors, and vaccines mandates as the key barriers to HCPs vaccination against influenza and Covid-19.
HCPs have an important role in vaccination and their confidence in vaccination and health authorities must be improved as this may affect their uptake of vaccines and influence their recommendations to their patients. Investigating the impact of political, socio-economic and cultural contexts on concerns about vaccination among HCPs is also necessary.
医疗保健专业人员被广泛认为是疫苗相关话题最值得信赖的信息来源。然而，有几位专业人员表示自己对某些疫苗也存在犹豫，这影响了他们给自己接种疫苗的意愿，也影响了他们向患者和目标人群给出的建议。
采用了混合方法，包括在15个国家进行的一项在线调查（n = 1504），旨在确定医疗保健专业人员疫苗信心的驱动因素，并研究这些驱动因素在不同国家之间的差异。在三个国家（法国、希腊和匈牙利）的子集中，对10名医疗保健专业人员进行了30次深入的半结构化访谈，以探讨医疗保健专业人员接种疫苗的障碍以及他们在解决患者疫苗犹豫问题中的作用。
调查的回归分析表明，护士/助产士以及来自匈牙利、意大利、罗马尼亚和瑞士的医疗保健专业人员总体上对疫苗的安全性、重要性或有效性信心较低。摩洛哥（35%）、土耳其（53%）和希腊（69%）报告称医疗保健专业人员中流感疫苗接种率最低。摩洛哥还报告称，“极有可能”推荐麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗（MMR）（34%）、人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（HPV）（31%）和新冠疫苗（29%）的医疗保健专业人员比例最低。超过三分之一的医疗保健专业人员表示对卫生当局及其提供的信息缺乏信任。主题分析显示，对疫苗副作用风险的担忧、对自然免疫的偏好、是否每年都有必要接种流感疫苗、没有任何慢性病风险因素以及疫苗强制要求是医疗保健专业人员接种流感疫苗和新冠疫苗的主要障碍。
医疗保健专业人员在疫苗接种中起着重要作用，必须提高他们对疫苗接种和卫生当局的信心，因为这可能会影响他们接种疫苗的情况，并影响他们向患者给出的建议。调查政治、社会经济和文化背景对医疗保健专业人员疫苗接种担忧的影响也是必要的。
