Ahmadi Changiz, Karampourian Arezou, Samarghandi Mohammad Reza
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Heliyon. 2022 Sep 25;8(9):e10759. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10759. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Flood is one of the natural hazards that causes a lot of human and financial losses. Emergency evacuation in the response phase is necessary to reduce damage. The present study was conducted to explain the challenges related to evacuation in floods based on the views of citizens and executive managers.
In this study, a qualitative research method with a contractual content analysis approach was used. 27 participants including 10 citizens and 17 executive managers were included in the study by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In order to have confidence the validity of the results, rigor was certified by using the guidelines suggested by Guba and Lincoln for making trustworthiness. The duration of the interview was between 45 min and 60 min. The interviews were handwritten by line-by-line content analysis and then analyzed.
Data analysis led to the extraction of 6 main categories with 14 sub-categories including: lack of primary warning system (with 2 sub-categories, lack of national early warning system and lack of attention to early warning), insufficient resources (with 4 sub-categories, lack of equipment, lack of manpower Human resources, inadequate allocation of financial resources and lack of information resources), problems related to unpreparedness (having 2 sub-categories, lack of pre-determined program and lack of attention to public education), problems related to emergency housing (having 2 sub-categories, lack of housing program and lack of attention to indigenous culture in housing), lack of risk perception (has 2 sub-categories of people's belief in floods and officials' belief in flood) and problems related to lack of coordination (has 2 sub-categories of internal disharmony and external disharmony).
To increase evacuation, it is necessary to identify the relevant challenges. Establishing an early warning system and evacuation plan, supply of resources, and increase risk perception and coordination can increase the speed of evacuation and reduce the financial and human losses caused by floods.
洪水是造成大量人员伤亡和经济损失的自然灾害之一。在应对阶段进行紧急疏散对于减少损失至关重要。本研究旨在根据市民和行政管理人员的观点解释洪水疏散相关的挑战。
本研究采用定性研究方法和契约内容分析法。通过目的抽样法选取了27名参与者，包括10名市民和17名行政管理人员。采用半结构化访谈收集数据。为确保结果的有效性，依据古巴和林肯提出的可信度准则进行严格验证。访谈时长在45分钟至60分钟之间。通过逐行内容分析对手写访谈内容进行分析。
数据分析得出6个主要类别和14个子类别，包括：缺乏初级预警系统（有2个子类别，缺乏国家早期预警系统和对早期预警的忽视）、资源不足（有4个子类别，缺乏设备、人力资源不足、财政资源分配不当和信息资源缺乏）、与准备不足相关的问题（有2个子类别，缺乏预先确定的方案和对公众教育的忽视）、与应急住房相关的问题（有2个子类别，缺乏住房方案和住房中对本土文化的忽视）、缺乏风险认知（有2个子类别，民众对洪水的认知和官员对洪水的认知）以及与缺乏协调相关的问题（有2个子类别，内部不协调和外部不协调）。
为了增加疏散，有必要识别相关挑战。建立预警系统和疏散计划、提供资源、提高风险认知和协调能力可以提高疏散速度，减少洪水造成的经济和人员损失。
