Novak Dominik, Loskot Jiri, Roczniok Robert, Opath Lukas, Stastny Petr
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic.
Sport Science Institute, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2022 Apr 26;82:191-200. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0045. eCollection 2022 Apr.
A method of load variability is a common way of developing specific skills in various sports, however, not explored considering the use of different ice-hockey pucks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare shooting speed, shooting accuracy, and handgrip strength changes after training with variable training loads (lighter 60g pucks and heavier 260g pucks) in the wrist shot and snapshot. Sixteen male ice hockey players (13.62±0.35y; 167.67±7.71cm; 53.87±7.55kg) were subjected to a 12 week experiment during which they trained six weeks with a light puck and six weeks with a heavy puck and were tested for shooting speed, shooting accuracy and handgrip strength. The variable load training increased shooting speed (the long hand snapshot by 7.4%, the shorthand snapshot by 8.5%, and the wrist shot by 13%), shooting accuracy (by 14%), and handgrip strength (by 8.7%) of the bottom hand; all at p<0.001. Training with heavy pucks was more effective (d=0.50-0.86) than training with lighter pucks (d=23-25) for increasing puck speed. Shooting accuracy was increased by variable load training with a similar effect of heavy and light puck training. The variable training load had a positive effect on shooting speed and accuracy and the use of a heavier load was more effective than using the unloaded puck. Variable load shooting training in youth ice-hockey players is more effective with heavier pucks than lighter ones, and the improvements are greater in players with better shooting skills.
负荷变化训练法是在各类运动项目中培养特定技能的常用方法，然而，尚未有研究探讨在使用不同冰球时采用该方法的效果。因此，本研究旨在比较在手腕射门和快速射门训练中，使用可变训练负荷（较轻的60克冰球和较重的260克冰球）后的射门速度、射门准确性和握力变化。16名男性冰球运动员（年龄13.62±0.35岁；身高167.67±7.71厘米；体重53.87±7.55千克）参与了一项为期12周的实验，在此期间，他们先使用轻冰球训练6周，再使用重冰球训练6周，并接受射门速度、射门准确性和握力测试。可变负荷训练提高了射门速度（长手快速射门提高了7.4%，短手快速射门提高了8.5%，手腕射门提高了13%）、射门准确性（提高了14%）以及下手的握力（提高了8.7%）；所有指标的p值均<0.001。对于提高冰球速度而言，使用重冰球训练（d=0.50 - 0.86）比使用轻冰球训练（d=0.23 - 0.25）更有效。可变负荷训练提高了射门准确性，重冰球训练和轻冰球训练的效果相似。可变训练负荷对射门速度和准确性有积极影响，使用较重负荷比使用无负荷冰球更有效。在青少年冰球运动员中，可变负荷射门训练使用重冰球比轻冰球更有效，并且在射门技术较好的运动员中，提高幅度更大。
