Gil Martín Francisco Javier
Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2022 Oct 5;96:e202210071.
The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and the horizon of expectations in relation to climate change reminds us that it is a collective responsibility to anticipate to the best of our ability and knowledge the risks of foreseeable disasters and their potential impacts on vulnerable communities. The article will examine the meaning and status of moral duties regarding disaster preparedness by adopting a disaster ethics approach which draws on the interrelationship of bioethics with public health ethics and looks at the full cycle of disaster management and the corresponding cycle of protection of victims and professionals. After discussing some normative controversies accompanying well-known classifications of disasters and characterizing the ethical turn to preparedness in disaster management, it will be argued that preparedness duties include obligations relating to planning, anticipation, and prevention of disasters and that they are derivative and positive duties involving a series of prospective, shared and institutionally mediated responsibilities.
新冠疫情的经历以及与气候变化相关的期望前景提醒我们，尽我们最大的能力和知识去预测可预见灾难的风险及其对脆弱社区的潜在影响是一项集体责任。本文将采用灾害伦理学方法来审视灾害防范道德义务的含义和地位，该方法借鉴了生物伦理学与公共卫生伦理学的相互关系，考察灾害管理的全周期以及相应的受害者和专业人员保护周期。在讨论了一些伴随著名灾害分类而来的规范性争议，并描述了灾害管理中向防范的伦理转向之后，本文将论证，防范义务包括与灾害规划、预测和预防相关的义务，并且它们是派生的积极义务，涉及一系列前瞻性、共享性和由机构调解的责任。
