Knott Lauren, Wilkinson Samantha, Hellenthal Maria, Shah Datin, Howe Mark L
Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK.
Cogn Emot. 2022 Nov;36(7):1448-1457. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2128063. Epub 2022 Oct 5.
Previous research shows that manipulations (e.g. levels-of-processing) that facilitate true memory often increase susceptibility to false memory. An exception is the generation effect. Using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, Soraci et al. found that generating rather than reading list items led to an increase in true but not false memories. They argued that generation led to enhanced item-distinctiveness that drove down false memory production. In the current study, we investigated the effects of generative processing on valenced stimuli and after a delayed retention interval to examine factors that may lead to a generation effect that increases false memories. At the immediate test, false recognition rates for both negative and neutral valanced critical lures were similar across read and generate conditions. However, after a one-week delay, we saw a valence differentiation, with a generation effect for false recognition but only for negative stimuli. The roles of item-specific and relational processing during encoding and their interaction with long-term retention are discussed.
先前的研究表明，促进真实记忆的操作（例如加工水平）通常会增加对错误记忆的易感性。生成效应是一个例外。索拉奇等人使用迪斯/罗迪格 - 麦克德莫特（DRM）范式发现，生成列表项目而非阅读列表项目会导致真实记忆增加，但错误记忆不会增加。他们认为，生成导致项目独特性增强，从而降低了错误记忆的产生。在本研究中，我们调查了生成性加工对有正负效价刺激的影响，并在延迟保留间隔后进行研究，以检验可能导致增加错误记忆的生成效应的因素。在即时测试中，阅读和生成条件下，负性和中性效价关键诱饵的错误识别率相似。然而，在延迟一周后，我们观察到了效价差异，即存在错误识别的生成效应，但仅针对负性刺激。讨论了编码过程中项目特定加工和关系加工的作用及其与长期保留的相互作用。
