Soraci Sal A, Carlin Michael T, Toglia Michael P, Chechile Richard A, Neuschatz Jeffrey S
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2003 Jul;29(4):511-23. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.29.4.511.
Encoding manipulations (e.g., levels of processing) that facilitate retention often result in greater numbers of false memories, a pattern referred to as the more is less effect (M. P. Toglia, J. S. Neuschatz, & K. A. Goodwin, 1999). The present experiments explored false memories under generative processing. In Experiments 1-3, using Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists with items that were either read or generated, the authors found recognition and recall tests indicated generation effects for true memories but no increases in false memories (i.e., generation at no cost). In Experiment 4, in a departure from the DRM methodology, a cuing procedure resulted in a more is less pattern for congruous generation,and a no cost pattern for incongruous generation. This highlights the critical distinction between these encoding contexts.
有助于记忆保持的编码操作（例如加工水平）往往会导致更多的错误记忆，这种模式被称为“越多越少效应”（M. P. 托利亚、J. S. 纽沙茨和K. A. 古德温，1999）。本实验探讨了生成性加工下的错误记忆。在实验1至3中，使用包含阅读或生成项目的迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）列表，作者发现识别和回忆测试表明，生成性加工对真实记忆有促进作用，但错误记忆没有增加（即无代价的生成性加工）。在实验4中，与DRM方法不同，一种提示程序导致了一致性生成的“越多越少”模式和不一致性生成的无代价模式。这凸显了这些编码情境之间的关键区别。
