School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
Evolution. 2022 Dec;76(12):3014-3025. doi: 10.1111/evo.14639. Epub 2022 Oct 13.
Most plants and many animals are hermaphroditic; whether the same forces are responsible for hermaphroditism in both groups is unclear. The well-established drivers of hermaphroditism in plants (e.g., seed dispersal potential, pollination mode) have analogues in animals (e.g., larval dispersal potential, fertilization mode), allowing us to test the generality of the proposed drivers of hermaphroditism across both groups. Here, we test these theories for 1153 species of marine invertebrates, from three phyla. Species with either internal fertilization, restricted offspring dispersal, or small body sizes are more likely to be hermaphroditic than species that are external fertilizers, planktonic developers, or larger. Plants and animals show different biogeographical patterns, however: animals are less likely to be hermaphroditic at higher latitudes-the opposite to the trend in plants. Overall, our results suggest that similar forces, namely, competition among offspring or gametes, shape the evolution of hermaphroditism across plants and three invertebrate phyla.
大多数植物和许多动物都是雌雄同体的；导致这两组生物雌雄同体的原因是否相同尚不清楚。在植物中，雌雄同体的既定驱动因素（例如，种子传播潜力、授粉模式）在动物中也有类似的因素（例如，幼虫传播潜力、受精模式），这使我们能够在两组生物中检验雌雄同体的既定驱动因素的普遍性。在这里，我们检验了来自三个门的 1153 种海洋无脊椎动物的这些理论。具有内部受精、限制后代扩散或较小体型的物种比外部受精、浮游发育或体型较大的物种更有可能是雌雄同体的。然而，植物和动物表现出不同的生物地理模式：在高纬度地区，动物成为雌雄同体的可能性较小——与植物的趋势相反。总的来说，我们的结果表明，相似的力量，即后代或配子之间的竞争，塑造了植物和三个无脊椎动物门中雌雄同体的进化。
