Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine.
Universal Institute of Applied and Health Research, Nablus, State of Palestine.
J Environ Public Health. 2022 Sep 26;2022:6603348. doi: 10.1155/2022/6603348. eCollection 2022.
Like many countries, Palestine suffers from water scarcity. Here, treated greywater is considered an essential nonconventional water resource. We aim to identify some wastewater reuse and disposal practices in rural areas and assess the acceptance level of different reuses of greywater. We conducted a survey analysis in four villages with a strong agricultural activity of the western Bethlehem Governorate. The level of acceptance of greywater reuse was generally independent of demographic variables like family size, income, or water bill, with a few exceptions regarding gender, age, and level of education. Centralized treatment was more valued than treatment at home, which presented similar acceptance levels than no treatment and might indicate a lack of trust in this alternative. The only reuse alternative trusted across treatments was bush irrigation (3.53-3.86 on a five-point Likert scale), but other options without clear, direct human contact like crop irrigation (3.14-3.62), stone cutting (3.19-3.36), and construction (3.12-3.42) also received considerable support. Reused perceived as having direct contact with humans was rejected, as it was the flushing of public toilets (2.59-2.7), aquaculture (1.98-2.37), olive pressing (1.85-1.94), and drinking (1.62-1.72). Relatively new reuse, car washing (2.95-3.17), was somewhere in between, partially because of its novelty. To increase this and other reuses, we strongly encourage local authorities to inform the population about the potentialities of greywater reuse.
和许多国家一样，巴勒斯坦也面临着水资源短缺的问题。在这里，经过处理的灰色水被认为是一种重要的非常规水资源。我们旨在确定农村地区一些废水再利用和处理的做法，并评估不同灰色水再利用的接受程度。我们在伯利恒西部地区一个农业活动很强的四个村庄进行了调查分析。灰色水再利用的接受程度通常与家庭规模、收入或水费等人口统计学变量无关，但在性别、年龄和教育水平方面存在一些例外。集中处理比家庭处理更受重视，而家庭处理与不处理的接受程度相似，这可能表明人们对这种替代方案缺乏信任。唯一一种受到各种处理方式信任的再利用替代方案是灌木灌溉（五分制量表上的 3.53-3.86），但其他没有明确、直接与人类接触的选择，如作物灌溉（3.14-3.62）、石材切割（3.19-3.36）和建筑（3.12-3.42）也得到了相当大的支持。被认为与人类有直接接触的再利用方案则遭到拒绝，因为它是公共厕所冲洗（2.59-2.7）、水产养殖（1.98-2.37）、橄榄压榨（1.85-1.94）和饮用水（1.62-1.72）。相对较新的再利用方案，洗车（2.95-3.17），则处于两者之间，部分原因是其新颖性。为了增加这种和其他再利用方式的接受程度，我们强烈鼓励地方当局向公众宣传灰色水再利用的潜力。
