DeWitt Akeiylah, Kientz Julie, Coker Tumaini R, Liljenquist Kendra
Department of Human-Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.
JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2022 Oct 6;5(4):e37718. doi: 10.2196/37718.
Recent increases in smartphone ownership among underserved populations have inspired researchers in medicine, computing, and health informatics to design and evaluate mobile health (mHealth) interventions, specifically for those supporting child development and growth. Although these interventions demonstrate possible effectiveness at larger scales, few of these interventions are evaluated to address racial disparities and health equity, which are known factors that affect relevance, uptake, and adherence in target populations.
In this study, we aimed to identify and document the current design and evaluation practices of mHealth technologies that promote early childhood health, with a specific focus on opportunities for those processes to address health disparities and health equity.
We completed a systematic literature review of studies that design and evaluate mHealth interventions for early childhood health promotion. We then analyzed these studies to identify opportunities to address racial disparities in early- and late-stage processes and to understand the potential efficacy of these interventions.
Across the literature from medical, computing, and health informatics fields, we identified 15 articles that presented a design or evaluation of a parent-facing health intervention. We found that using mobile-based systems to deliver health interventions was generally well accepted by parents of children aged <5 years. We also found that, when measured, parenting knowledge of early childhood health topics and confidence to engage in health-promoting behaviors improved. Design and evaluation methods held internal consistency within disciplines (eg, experimental study designs were the most prevalent in medical literature, while computing researchers used user-centered design methods in computing fields). However, there is little consistency in design or evaluation methods across fields.
To support more interventions with a comprehensive design and evaluation process, we recommend attention to design at the intervention (eg, reporting content sources) and system level; interdisciplinary collaboration in early childhood health intervention development can lead to large-scale deployment and success among populations.
PROSPERO CRD42022359797; https://tinyurl.com/586nx9a2.
在服务不足的人群中，智能手机拥有率最近有所上升，这激发了医学、计算机科学和健康信息学领域的研究人员设计和评估移动健康（mHealth）干预措施，特别是针对那些支持儿童发育和成长的干预措施。尽管这些干预措施在更大规模上显示出可能的有效性，但很少有干预措施被评估以解决种族差异和健康公平问题，而这些是影响目标人群相关性、采用率和依从性的已知因素。
在本研究中，我们旨在识别并记录促进幼儿健康的移动健康技术的当前设计和评估实践，特别关注这些过程中解决健康差异和健康公平问题的机会。
我们对设计和评估促进幼儿健康的移动健康干预措施的研究进行了系统的文献综述。然后，我们分析这些研究，以确定在早期和后期过程中解决种族差异的机会，并了解这些干预措施的潜在效果。
在医学、计算机科学和健康信息学领域的文献中，我们确定了15篇介绍面向家长的健康干预措施设计或评估的文章。我们发现，使用基于移动设备的系统提供健康干预措施通常得到5岁以下儿童家长的认可。我们还发现，在进行测量时，家长对幼儿健康主题的知识以及参与促进健康行为的信心有所提高。设计和评估方法在各学科内部具有一致性（例如，实验研究设计在医学文献中最为普遍，而计算机科学研究人员在计算机领域使用以用户为中心的设计方法）。然而，不同领域的设计或评估方法几乎没有一致性。
为了支持更多具有全面设计和评估过程的干预措施，我们建议关注干预措施（例如，报告内容来源）和系统层面的设计；幼儿健康干预措施开发中的跨学科合作可以导致大规模部署并在人群中取得成功。
PROSPERO CRD42022359797；https://tinyurl.com/586nx9a2 。
