Digital Humanities Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne.
Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2023 Jun;29(2):259-279. doi: 10.1037/xap0000450. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Although theories of emotion associate negative emotional symptoms with cognitive biases in information processing, they rarely specify the details. Here, we characterize cognitive biases in information processing of and information, and how these biases covary with anxious and depressive symptoms, while controlling for general stress and cognitive ability. Forty undergraduates provided emotional symptom scores (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21) and performed a statistical learning task that required predicting the next sound in a long sequence of either or naturalistic sounds (blocks). We used an information weights framework to determine if the degree of behavioral change associated with observing either ("B" follows "A") or ("B" does not follow "A") transitions differs for and sounds. Bayesian mixed-effects models revealed that negative emotional symptom scores predicted performance as well as processing biases of and information. Further, information weights differed between and information, and importantly, this difference varied based on symptom scores. For example, higher depressive symptom scores predicted a bias of underutilizing disconfirmatory information in content. These findings have implications for models of emotional disorders by offering a mechanistic explanation and formalization of the associated cognitive biases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
虽然情绪理论将负面情绪症状与信息处理中的认知偏差联系起来，但它们很少具体说明细节。在这里，我们描述了对信息和信息的信息处理中的认知偏差，以及这些偏差如何与焦虑和抑郁症状相关，同时控制一般压力和认知能力。40 名本科生提供了情绪症状评分（抑郁焦虑压力量表-21），并执行了一项统计学习任务，要求他们预测长序列中下一声音是还是自然声音（块）。我们使用信息权重框架来确定观察到的“B”跟随“A”或“B”不跟随“A”转换时，和声音的行为变化程度是否不同。贝叶斯混合效应模型显示，负面情绪症状评分不仅可以预测表现，还可以预测信息和信息的处理偏差。此外，信息权重在和信息之间存在差异，重要的是，这种差异基于症状评分而变化。例如，较高的抑郁症状评分预示着在内容中过度利用确认信息的偏差。这些发现通过提供相关认知偏差的机械解释和形式化，对情绪障碍模型具有启示意义。
